Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

She was skilled with her hands: she would tan hides, stitch leather articles, and give the proceeds away in charity (1).

Al-Wāqidī relates: “ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar told us, from Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, from al-Qāsim:
When death approached her, Zaynab bint Jahsh said, ‘I have already prepared my shroud. If ʿUmar sends me another, give one of the two away in charity; and if you can, when you lower me into the grave, give my waist-wrapper in charity as well, then do so’ (2).”

It is also said that the Prophet ﷺ married Zaynab in Dhū al-Qaʿdah of the fifth year AH, when she was twenty-five years old.

She was righteous, constantly fasting and standing in prayer, dutiful, and was nicknamed “Mother of the Poor.”

Sulaymān ibn al-Mughīrah reports, through Thābit, from Anas: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Zayd, “Mention her to me.” So he went and said to her, “Zaynab, rejoice, for the Messenger of Allah has sent me to speak to you.” She replied, “I will do nothing until I consult my Lord.” She then rose to her place of prayer; the Quran was revealed, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and entered upon her without seeking permission (3).

ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Bahrām, from Shahr, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaddād, relates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to ʿUmar, “Zaynab bint Jahsh is an awwāhah.” They asked, “Messenger of Allah, what does ‘awwāhah’ mean?” He answered, “One who is humble and imploring,” and he recited, “Indeed, Abraham was forbearing, tender-hearted, and ever returning [to Him]” (Hud 75) (4).

(1) Reported by Ibn Saʿd, 8/108; its chain of transmission is strong. Al-Hakim, 4/25, declared it authentic, and al-Dhahabi agreed. (2) Reported by Ibn Saʿd, 8/109; however, al-Waqidi is a weak narrator. (3) Recorded by Muslim (no. 1428) in the Book of Marriage, chapter “The marriage of Zaynab bint Jahsh and the revelation of the veil”; by al-Nasaʾi, 6/79, Book of Marriage, chapter “The woman’s prayer when she receives a proposal and her istikhara”; and by Ahmad, 3/195. (4) The isnad is weak because of the unreliability of Shahr ibn Hawshab, and it is also mursal (the Companion level is missing in the chain).
وَكَانَتْ صَنَاعَ اليَدِ، فَكَانَتْ تَدْبُغُ، وَتَخْرُزُ، وَتَصَدَّقُ (١) . الوَاقِدِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بنِ سَعِيْدٍ، عَنِ القَاسِمِ: قَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ حِيْنَ حَضَرَتْهَا الوَفَاةُ: إِنِّي قَدْ أَعْدَدْتُ كَفَنِي؛ فَإِنْ بَعَثَ لِي عُمَرُ بِكَفَنٍ، فَتَصَدَّقُوا بِأَحَدِهِمَا؛ وَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُم إِذْ أَدْلَيْتُمُوْنِي أَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا بِحَقْوَتِي، فَافْعَلُوْا (٢) . وَقِيْلَ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَزَوَّجَ بِزَيْنَبَ فِي ذِي القَعْدَةِ، سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ، وَهِيَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِنْتُ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِيْنَ سَنَةً. وَكَانَتْ صَالِحَةً، صَوَّامَةً، قَوَّامَةً، بَارَّةً، وَيُقَالُ لَهَا: أُمُّ المَسَاكِيْنِ. سُلَيْمَانُ بنُ المُغِيْرَةِ: عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِزَيْدٍ: (اذْكُرْهَا عَلَيَّ) . قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقْتُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: يَا زَيْنَبُ، أَبْشِرِيْ، فَإِنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ أَرْسَلَ يَذْكُرُكِ. قَالَتْ: مَا أَنَا بِصَانِعَةٍ شَيْئاً حَتَّى أُؤَامِرَ رَبِّي. فَقَامَتْ إِلَى مَسْجِدِهَا، وَنَزَلَ القُرْآنُ، وَجَاءَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنٍ (٣) . عَبْدُ الحَمِيْدِ بنُ بَهْرَامَ: عَنْ شَهْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ شَدَّادٍ: أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ: (إِنَّ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ أَوَّاهَةٌ) . قِيْلَ: يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ، مَا الأَوَّاهَةُ؟ قَالَ: (الخَاشِعَةُ، المُتَضَرِّعَةُ) ؛ وَ ﴿إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ لَحَلِيْمٌ أَوَّاهٌ مُنِيْبٌ﴾ [هُوْدُ: ٧٥] (٤)
(١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٨ / ١٠٨ وسنده قوي، وصححه الحاكم ٤ / ٢٥، ووافقه الذهبي. (٢) أخرجه ابن سعد ٨ / ١٠٩، والواقدي ضعيف. (٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٢٨) في النكاح: باب زواج زينب بنت جحش ونزول الحجاب، والنسائي ٦ / ٧٩ في النكاح: باب صلاة المرأة إذا خطبت، واستخارتها ربها، وأحمد ٣ / ١٩٥. (٤) إسناده ضعيف لضعف شهر بن حوشب، ثم هو مرسل.

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