Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

These are noble verses concerning the wives of our Prophet ﷺ.

Zayd ibn al-Hubāb said: “Ḥusayn ibn Wāqid narrated to us, from Yazīd al-Naḥwī, from ʿIkrima, from Ibn ʿAbbās regarding the Almighty’s words, ‘Allah only desires to remove impurity from you, People of the Household,’—he said, ‘It was revealed about the Prophet’s wives ﷺ.’

ʿIkrima then declared, “Whoever wishes, I will engage him in a mubāhala (mutual imprecation) that the verse was revealed exclusively about the Prophet’s wives (1).”

Isḥāq al-Salūlī reported: “ʿĪsā ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī narrated to us, from Abū Isḥāq, from Ṣilah, from Ḥudhayfa, that he said to his wife, ‘If you would like to be my spouse in Paradise, then do not remarry after me, for in Paradise a woman is with her last husband in this world. For that reason the Prophet’s wives ﷺ were forbidden to marry after him, because they are his wives in Paradise (2).’ ”

ʿAṭāʾ ibn al-Sāʾib also related, from Muḥārib ibn Dithār, that “Umm Salama stipulated in her will that Saʿīd ibn Zayd—one of the ten (3)—should lead the funeral prayer over her.”

This chain is interrupted.

Saʿīd had in fact died several years before her; it may be that she made the request at one time, then recovered, and he predeceased her.

It is also reported that Abū Hurayra led the prayer over her, but that report is not sound, and he too had died before her.

(1) Its chain is sound (hasan). The report is also found in the Tafsir of Ibn Abi Hatim, cited by Ibn Kathir, 3/483, through the isnad of Zayd ibn Hubab. Ibn Kathir comments on Ikrima’s statement: “If the point is merely that these women were the immediate cause of revelation, to the exclusion of others, that is correct. But if it is claimed that the verse refers only to them and to no one else, this is debatable, for there are hadiths showing that the meaning is broader.” He then quotes those hadiths—see his commentary. The term mubahala denotes the practice whereby disputants gather and declare: “May Allah’s curse be upon the one among us who is in the wrong.” (2) All the narrators are trustworthy; Abu Ishaq is al-Sabi‘i, and Silah is Ibn Zafar. (3) Al-Mustadrak, 4/19: reported through Muharib ibn Dithar, who said, “A son of Sa‘id ibn Zayd told me that Umm Salama stipulated that Sa‘id ibn Zayd should perform the funeral prayer over her, fearing that Marwan ibn al-Hakam might lead it.”
فَهَذِهِ آيَاتٌ شَرِيْفَةٌ فِي زَوْجَاتِ نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ. قَالَ زَيْدُ بنُ الحُبَابِ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بنُ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيْدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: ﴿إِنَّمَا يُرِيْدُ اللهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ البَيْتِ﴾ ، قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي نِسَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. ثُمَّ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: مَنْ شَاءَ بَاهَلْتُهُ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي نِسَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَاصَّةً (١) . إِسْحَاقُ السَّلُوْلِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيْسَى بنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ صِلَةَ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ لامْرَأَتِهِ: إِنْ سَرَّكِ أَنْ تَكُوْنِي زَوْجَتِي فِي الجَنَّةِ، فَلاَ تَزَوَّجِي بَعْدِي، فَإِنَّ المَرْأَةَ فِي الجَنَّةِ لآخِرِ أَزْوَاجِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا؛ فَلِذَلِكَ حُرِّمَ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يُنْكَحْنَ بَعْدَهُ؛ لأَنَّهُنَّ أَزْوَاجُهُ فِي الجَنَّةِ (٢) . رَوَى: عَطَاءُ بنُ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ مُحَارِبِ بنِ دِثَارٍ: أَنَّ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ أَوْصَتْ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهَا سَعِيْدُ بنُ زَيْدٍ، أَحَدُ العَشَرَةِ (٣) . وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ. وَقَدْ كَانَ سَعِيْدٌ تُوُفِّيَ قَبْلَهَا بِأَعْوَامٍ، فَلَعَلَّهَا أَوْصَتْ فِي وَقْتٍ، ثُمَّ عُوْفِيَتْ، وَتَقَدَّمَهَا هُوَ. وَرُوِيَ: أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ صَلَّى عَلَيْهَا، وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ، وَقَدْ مَاتَ قَبْلَهَا.
(١) إسناده حسن، وهو في تفسير ابن أبي حاتم فيما نقله الحافظ ابن كثير ٣ / ٤٨٣ من طريق زيد بن الحباب به. وعلق ابن كثير على قول عكرمة، فقال: فإن كان المراد أنهن كن سبب النزول دون غيرهن، فصحيح، وإن أريد أنهن المراد فقط دون غيرهن، ففي هذا نظر، فإنه قد وردت أحاديث تدل على أن المراد أعم من ذلك، ثم أورد الأحاديث فراجعه. والمباهلة: أن يجتمع القوم إذا اختلفوا في شيء. فيقولوا: لعنة الله على الظالم منا. (٢) رجاله ثقات، وأبو إسحاق هو السبيعي، وصلة: هو ابن زفر. (٣) هو في " المستدرك " ٤ / ١٩، عن محارب بن دثار قال: حدثني ابن لسعيد بن زيد أن أم سلمة أوصت أن يصلي عليها سعيد بن زيد. خشية أن يصلي عليها مروان بن الحكم.

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