Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

She was fair-skinned and strikingly beautiful, and for that reason (1) she was affectionately called al-Humayrāʾ. The Prophet ﷺ married no other virgin besides her, and he loved no woman with a love equal to his love for her. I know of no one in the community of Muhammad ﷺ—indeed, among women in general—more learned than she.

Some scholars have even claimed that she is superior to her father, but this opinion is untenable, for Allah has assigned to everything its proper rank. What we can affirm is that she is the wife of our Prophet ﷺ in this world and the Hereafter—can any honor surpass that? True, Khadijah the Truthful enjoys a station that none can attain, and I remain undecided as to which of the two is the more excellent. Yet I have ultimately concluded (2) that Khadijah is superior to her, for reasons that are not to be detailed here (3).

Hisham ibn ʿUrwah narrates from his father, from ʿĀʾishah, who said:

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘I saw you in a dream for three consecutive nights. The angel brought you to me, wrapped in a piece of silk (4), and said, “This is your wife.” I lifted the cloth from your face, and there you were. So I said, “If this is from Allah, He will bring it to pass.”’ (5)”

Al-Tirmidhi also reported, through the chain of ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAmr ibn ʿAlqamah al-Makki, from Ibn Abi Ḥusayn, from Ibn Abi Mulaykah, from ʿĀʾishah, that Gabriel came in her likeness

(1) In the Damascus edition the wording is corruptly printed as “wa-marratan” (“and once”). (2) In the Damascus edition the wording is corruptly printed as “kharajat” (“she went out”). (3) The passage from the words “naʿam, jazamtu” (“yes, I affirmed it”) up to this point is missing from the printed text. (4) The term al-sariqa (with short vowels on the s, r and q) means “a piece (of cloth).” The Damascus edition reads khirqa (“rag”), a reading likewise found in Ibn Hibban as cited in Fath, 9/156. (5) Reported by Ahmad, Musnad, 6:41, 128, 161; al-Bukhari, Sahih, 7:175 (Book: Merits of the Ansar, Chapter: The Prophet’s marriage to ʿAisha), 9:156 (Book: Marriage, Chapter: Looking at a woman before proposing), and 12:353 (Book: Dreams, Chapters: A woman unveiled in a dream; Silk garments in a dream); and by Muslim, Sahih, no. 2438 (Book: Merits of the Companions, Chapter: The virtues of ʿAisha), all through the chain of Hisham ibn ʿUrwa—from his father—from ʿAisha.
وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةً بَيْضَاءَ جَمِيْلَةً، وَمِنْ ثَمَّ (١) يُقَالُ لَهَا: الحُمَيْرَاءُ، وَلَمْ يَتَزَوَّجِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِكْراً غَيْرَهَا، وَلاَ أَحَبَّ امْرَأَةً حُبَّهَا، وَلاَ أَعْلَمُ فِي أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ بَلْ وَلاَ فِي النِّسَاءِ مُطْلَقاً امْرَأَةً أَعْلَمَ مِنْهَا. وَذَهَبَ بَعْضُ العُلَمَاءِ إِلَى أَنَّهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ أَبِيْهَا، وَهَذَا مَرْدُوْدٌ، وَقَدْ جَعَلَ اللهُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدْراً، بَلْ نَشْهَدُ أَنَّهَا زَوْجَةُ نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخرَةِ، فَهَلْ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ مَفْخَرٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لِلصِّدِّيْقَةِ خَدِيْجَةَ شَأْوٌ لاَ يُلْحَقُ، وَأَنَا وَاقِفٌ فِي أَيَّتِهِمَا أَفْضَلُ، نَعَمْ جَزَمْتُ (٢) بِأَفْضَلِيَّةِ خَدِيْجَةَ عَلَيْهَا، لأُمُوْرٍ لَيْسَ هَذَا مَوْضِعُهَا (٣) . هِشَامُ بنُ عُرْوَةَ: عَنْ أَبِيْهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: (أُرِيْتُكِ فِي المَنَامِ ثَلاَثَ لَيَالٍ، جَاءَ بِكِ المَلَكُ فِي سَرَقَةٍ [مِنْ] حَرِيْرٍ (٤) ، فَيَقُوْلُ: هَذِهِ امْرَأَتُكَ. فَأَكْشِفُ عَنْ وَجْهِكِ، فَإِذَا أَنْتِ فِيْهِ، فَأَقُوْلُ: إِنْ يَكُ هَذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ يُمْضِهِ (٥)) . وَأَخْرَجَ: التِّرْمِذِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيْثِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ عَمْرِو بنِ عَلْقَمَةَ المَكِّيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ جِبْرِيْلَ جَاءَ بِصُوْرَتِهَا
(١) تحرفت في مطبوعة دمشق إلى " ومرة ". (٢) تحرفت في مطبوعة دمشق إلى " خرجت ". (٣) من قوله " نعم جزمت " إلى هنا سقط من المطبوع. (٤) السرقة بفتح السين والراء والقاف: هي القطعة، وفي مطبوعة دمشق " خرقة " وهي عند ابن حبان كما في " الفتح " ٩ / ١٥٦. (٥) أخرجه أحمد ٦ / ٤١ و١٢٨ و١٦١، والبخاري ٧ / ١٧٥، في مناقب الانصار: باب تزويج النبي ﷺ عائشة، و٩ / ١٥٦ في النكاح: باب النظر إلى المرأة قبل التزويج، و١٢ / ٣٥٣ في التعبير: باب كشف المرأة في المنام، وباب ثياب الحرير في المنام، ومسلم (٢٤٣٨) في فضائل الصحابة: باب فضل عائشة من طرق عن هشام بن عروة، عن أبيه، عن عائشة.

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