Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Fāṭimah exclaimed, “How fine and beautiful this is! When I die, you and ʿAlī are to wash me, and no one else is to enter upon me.”

When she passed away, ʿĀʾishah came intending to enter, but Asmāʾ said, “Do not go in.” ʿĀʾishah complained to Abū Bakr, so he came, stood at the door, and spoke with Asmāʾ. She said, “She herself instructed me.” He replied, “Then do exactly as she ordered you,” and he departed. (1)

Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr said: “She was the first person in Islam whose bier was covered in that fashion.”

Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid narrated—from al-Shaʿbī—who said: “Abū Bakr came to Fāṭimah when she was ill; he asked permission to enter, she granted it, he apologized to her and spoke with her, and she was pleased with him.” (2)

Ibrāhīm ibn Saʿd reported—from Ibn Isḥāq—from ʿAlī ibn Fulān ibn Abī Rāfiʿ—from his father—from Salmā—who said:

“Fāṭimah fell ill … until she lay down on her bed, faced the qiblah, and said, ‘By Allah, I will be taken now. I have already performed ghusl, so let no one expose any part of me.’

“She died. ʿAlī came, I informed him, and he buried her with that very ghusl.” (3)

This report is munkar (unacceptable).

(1) The chain of transmission contains an unknown narrator. The report is cited in al-Hilya 2/43 and al-Mustadrak 3/163–164. It also contradicts the sound narration stating that Ali buried her at night without informing Abu Bakr; if so, how could Abu Bakr’s wife Asma have washed her while he knew nothing of it? Asma’s scrupulousness would not have allowed her to act without his consent. See further: Sunan al-Daraqutni 1/194; Sunan al-Bayhaqi 3/396; Talkhis al-Habir 2/143. (2) The documentation has already been given on p. 121, note 3. (3) The report is found in Ibn Saʿd’s Tabaqat 8/27, but its chain is weak: Ibn Ishaq practiced tadlis, and Ali b. … b. Abi Rafiʿ is unreliable. The sound version, as al-Tirmidhi maintained, is through Ubayd Allah b. Ali b. Abi Rafiʿ; Ibn Hajar includes his biography in Siyar 2/9.
فَقَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ: مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا وَأَجْمَلَهُ! إِذَا مِتُّ فَغَسِّلِيْنِي أَنْتِ وَعَلِيٌّ، وَلاَ يَدْخُلَنَّ أَحَدٌ عَلَيَّ. فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتْ، جَاءتْ عَائِشَةُ لِتَدْخُلَ، فَقَالَتْ أَسْمَاءُ: لاَ تَدْخُلِي. فَشَكَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَجَاءَ، فَوَقَفَ عَلَى البَابِ، فَكَلَّمَ أَسْمَاءَ. فَقَالَتْ: هِيَ أَمَرَتْنِي. قَالَ: فَاصْنَعِي مَا أَمَرَتْكِ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ (١) . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ البَرِّ: هِيَ أَوَّلُ مِنْ غُطِّيَ نَعْشُهَا فِي الإِسْلاَمِ عَلَى تِلْكَ الصِّفَةِ. إِسْمَاعِيْلُ بنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ: عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: جَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ حِيْنَ مَرِضَتْ، فَاسْتَأْذَنَ، فَأَذِنَتْ لَهُ، فَاعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهَا، وَكَلَّمَهَا، فَرَضِيَتْ عَنْهُ (٢) . رَوَى: إِبْرَاهِيْمُ بنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بنِ فُلاَنِ بنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيْهِ، عَنْ سَلْمَى، قَالَتْ: مَرِضَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ... ، إِلَى أَنْ قَالَتْ: اضْطَجَعَتْ عَلَى فِرَاشِهَا، وَاسْتَقْبَلَتِ القِبْلَةَ، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: وَاللهِ إِنِّي مَقْبُوْضَةٌ السَّاعَةَ، وَقَدِ اغْتَسَلْتُ، فَلاَ يَكْشِفَنَّ لِي أَحَدٌ كَنَفاً. فَمَاتَتْ، وَجَاءَ عَلِيٌّ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَدَفَنَهَا بِغُسْلِهَا ذَلِكَ (٣) . هَذَا مُنْكَرٌ.
(١) في سنده جهالة، وهو في " الحلية " ٢ / ٤٣ و" المستدرك " ٣ / ١٦٣، ١٦٤ وفيه مخالفة لما في الصحيح من أن عليا دفنها ليلا، ولم يعلم أبا بكر، فكيف يمكن أن تغسلها زوجه أسماء وهو لا يعلم، وورع أسماء يمنعها ألا تستأذنه، وانظر سنن الدراقطني ١ / ١٩٤، وسنن البيهقي ٣ / ٣٩٦، و" تلخيص الحبير " ٢ / ١٤٣. (٢) تقدم تخريجه في الصفحة ١٢١ تعليق (٣) . (٣) هو في طبقات ابن سعد ٨ / ٢٧ وإسناده ضعيف لتدليس ابن إسحاق، ولين علي بن فلان بن أبي رافع، والاصح كما قال الترمذي عبيد الله بن علي بن أبي رافع، فقد ترجمه الحافظ في = سير ٢ / ٩

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