of the Fijār wars. (1)
Then al-Wāqidī said, “This is unanimously agreed upon by our scholars; there is no disagreement among them.” (2)
Al-Kalbī, through Abū Ṣāliḥ from Ibn ʿAbbās, reported that the Prophet ﷺ married her when she was twenty-eight years old. (3)
Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkār said, “In the pre-Islamic era Khadījah was known as al-Ṭāhirah (the Pure One).”
Her mother was Fāṭimah bint Zāʾidah al-ʿĀmiriyyah.
Khadījah was first married to Abū Hālah ibn Zurārah al-Tamīmī; after his death she was married to ʿAtīq ibn ʿĀbid ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ibn Makhzūm, and after him the Prophet ﷺ married her and consummated the marriage when he was twenty-five years old. (4)
She was fifteen years older than he.
ʿĀʾishah reported that Khadījah passed away before the formal prayers were made obligatory.
It has also been said that she died
(1) Ibn Saad, al-Tabaqat al-kubra, 1/132. “Yawm Harb” was one of the pre-Islamic battles fought between Quraysh and its Kinana allies on the one side and the confederation of Qays Aylan on the other. The term al-Fijar, from mufajara (mutual violation), denotes fighting and was applied to this battle because it erupted during the sacred months. See the same work, 1/126 and 1/128, which dates the event to twenty years after the Year of the Elephant.
(2) Ibn Saad, al-Tabaqat al-kubra, 1/133.
(3) The chain of transmission is extremely weak: al-Kalbi (Muhammad ibn al-Saib) is rejected by the critics—some even accuse him of fabrication—while Abu Salih (Bazam) is likewise unreliable. Al-Zurqani states in Sharh al-Mawahib, 3/220: “The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, married her when she was forty years old,” a report transmitted by Ibn Saad, adopted by al-Ya mari, and preferred by Maghltai and al-Burhan, who deem it sound.
(4) The correct form of the name is ʿAbid—with a single b and a dal—as affirmed by several scholars. Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar explains that the descendants of Umar ibn Makhzum are called ʿAbid, whereas those of his brother Imran ibn Makhzum are ʿAidh; see al-Ikmal, 6/1, and Tabsir al-muntabih, p. 887. The printed edition has mistakenly given the reading ʿAidh.