Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

his mother, whereupon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me, “Did you trade insults with so-and-so?”
I replied, “Yes.”
He asked, “And you mentioned his mother?”
I said, “Whenever men abuse one another, they speak of each other’s fathers and mothers.”
He then said, “You are a man in whom there still remains something of al-jāhiliyyah (pre-Islamic ignorance),” and he went on relating the hadith until he said: “They are your brothers, whom Allah has placed under your authority. So whoever has his brother beneath his hand, let him feed him from the food he himself eats, clothe him with what he himself wears, and do not burden him with more than he can bear.” (1)

Qatādah—via Abū Qilābah, from Abū Asmāʾ—reported that he entered upon Abū Dharr at al-Rabadha and found with him a black woman, dishevelled, showing no trace of perfume or adornment. Abū Dharr said, “Do you not see what you are advising me? You tell me to go to Iraq, but the moment I arrive they will smother me with their worldly goods. Yet my intimate friend entrusted me with this counsel: ‘Ahead of the bridge over Hell there lies a path that is slick and slippery.’ For us to reach it while still able to cast off our loads is more likely to save us than to reach it weighed down.” (2)

Abū Hilāl—via Qatādah, from Saʿīd ibn Abī al-Ḥasan—reported that Abū Dharr’s stipend was four thousand. Whenever he received it, he would summon his servant, ask him what would suffice him for the year, and purchase that for him; then he would buy copper coins with whatever remained. He used to say, “There is no container of gold or silver that is sealed up except that it will blaze against its owner.” (3)

(1) Al-Bukhari, Sahih, 1:80–81, Book of Faith: “Sins of the Jahiliyya”; 5:126, Book of Manumission: chapter “Your slaves are your brothers”; 10:390, Book of Manners: chapter “The prohibition of insults and cursing.” Muslim, Sahih, no. 1661, Book of Faith: chapter “Feed your slave what you eat, clothe him as you clothe yourself, and do not overburden him.” Ahmad, Musnad, 5:161; Abu Dawud, Sunan, nos. 5157–5158; al-Tirmidhi, Sunan, no. 1945. (2) The transmitters are reliable. The same isnad is also found in Ibn Saʿd, Tabaqat, 4:236, and Ahmad, Musnad, 5:195, both through ʿAffan b. Muslim → Hammam b. Yahya → Qatada. (3) The transmitters are reliable, but the chain is interrupted (munqatiʿ). Ibn Saʿd records it in his Tabaqat, 4:230. A continuous version appears in Ahmad, Musnad, 5:156, 165, 175–176, and in Ibn Saʿd, 4:229, through Hammam → Qatada → Saʿid b. Abi al-Hasan → ʿAbd Allah b. al-Samit, who was accompanying Abu Dharr; all the narrators in this fuller chain are trustworthy.
مِنْهَا، فَقَالَ لِي رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ: (سَابَبْتَ فُلاَناً؟) . قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: (ذَكَرْتَ أُمَّهُ؟) . قُلْتُ: مَنْ سَابَّ الرِّجَالَ ذُكِرَ أَبُوْهُ وَأُمُّهُ. فَقَالَ: (إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ فِيْهِ جَاهِلِيَّةٌ) ... ، وَذَكَرَ الحَدِيْثَ. إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: (إِخْوَانُكُم، جَعَلَهُمُ اللهُ تَحْتَ أَيْدِيْكُم، فَمَنْ كَانَ أَخُوْهُ تَحْتَ يَدِهِ، فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ مِنْ طِعَامِهِ، وَلْيُلْبِسْهُ مِنْ لِبَاسِهِ، وَلاَ يُكَلِّفْهُ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ (١)) . قَتَادَةُ: عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ: أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَى أَبِي ذَرٍّ بِالرَّبَذَةِ، وَعِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ لَهُ سُوَدَاءُ مُشَعَّثَةٌ، لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا أَثَرُ المَجَاسِدِ وَالخَلُوْقِ. فَقَالَ: أَلاَ تَنْظُرُوْنَ مَا تَأْمُرُنِي بِهِ؟ تَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ آتِيَ العِرَاقَ، فَإِذَا أَتَيْتُهَا مَالُوا عَلَيَّ بِدُنْيَاهُمْ، وَإِنَّ خَلِيْلِي عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ: (إِنَّ دُوْنَ جِسْرِ جَهَنَّمَ طَرِيْقاً ذَا دَحْضٍ وَمَزَلَّةٍ) ، وَإِنَّا أَنْ نَأْتِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَفِي أَحْمَالِنَا اقْتِدَارٌ أَحْرَى أَنْ نَنْجُوَ، [مِنْ أَنْ نَأْتِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَنَحْنُ مَوَاقِيْرُ] (٢) . أَبُو هِلاَلٍ: عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيْدِ بنِ أَبِي الحَسَنِ: أَنَّ أَبَا ذَرٍّ كَانَ عَطَاؤُهُ أَرْبَعَةَ آلاَفٍ، فَكَانَ إِذَا أَخَذَ عَطَاءهُ، دَعَا خَادِمَهُ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَمَّا يَكْفِيْهِ لِلسَّنَةِ، فَاشْتَرَاهُ، ثُمَّ اشْتَرَى فُلُوْساً بِمَا بَقِيَ. وَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ وِعَاءٍ ذَهَبٍ وَلاَ فِضَّةٍ يُوْكَى عَلَيْهِ، إِلاَّ وَهُوَ يَتَلَظَّى عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ (٣) .
(١) أخرجه البخاري: ١ / ٨٠، ٨١ في الايمان: باب المعاصي من أمر الجاهلية، و٥ / ١٢٦ في العتق: باب قول النبي ﷺ: العبيد إخوانكم، و١٠ / ٣٩٠ في الأدب: باب ما ينهى من السباب واللعن، ومسلم (١٦٦١) في الايمان: باب إطعام المملوك مما يأكل، وإلباسه مما يلبس، ولا يكلفه ما لا يطيق، وأحمد ٥ / ١٦١، وأبو داود (٥١٥٧) و (٥١٥٨) ، والترمذي (١٩٤٥) . (٢) رجاله ثقات، وأخرجه ابن سعد ٤ / ٢٣٦، وأحمد ٥ / ١٩٥ كلاهما عن عفان بن مسلم، عن همام بن يحيى، عن قتادة به. (٣) رجاله ثقات، إلا أنه منقطع، وهو في " طبقات ابن سعد " ٤ / ٢٣٠، وأخرجه موصولا أحمد ٥ / ١٥٦، ١٦٥، و١٧٥، ١٧٦، وابن سعد ٤ / ٢٢٩، من طريق همام، عن قتادة، عن سعيد بن أبي الحسن، عن عبد الله بن الصامت أنه كان مع أبي ذر..ورجاله ثقات.

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