ibn Rifāʿah said:
Muʿāwiyah wrote to ʿUthmān: “ʿUbādah ibn al-Ṣāmit has unsettled Syria and its people for me. Either restrain him by recalling him to you, or allow me to leave him and Syria to one another.”
ʿUthmān replied: “Remove ʿUbādah and send him back to his home in Madinah.”
He said: ʿUbādah entered upon ʿUthmān—he took him completely by surprise, for he was already with him in the house. ʿUthmān turned to him and said, “O ʿUbādah, what is it between us and you?”
ʿUbādah stood up in the midst of the people and declared:
“I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ‘After me your affairs will be handled by men who will make you approve what you now repudiate, and who will censure you for what you now recognize. No obedience is due to one who disobeys, and do not go astray concerning your Lord.’” (1)
Yaḥyā ibn Sulaym narrated on the authority of Ibn Khuthaym, from Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUbayd ibn Rifāʿah,
(1) The isnad (chain of transmission) is weak because Ismail b. Ayyash’s reports from narrators outside his own region are unreliable, and this narration belongs to that category. Ahmad records it in the Musnad 5/325 with similar wording, through al-Hakam b. Nafiʿ, from Abu al-Yaman, from Ismail b. Ayyash, from Abd Allah b. Khuthaym. Al-Haythami cites it in Majmaʿ 5/226, noting that Ahmad narrates the fuller version without the phrase “from Ismail, from his father,” whereas Abd Allah includes “from his father”; al-Tabarani does likewise. All their transmitters are trustworthy except that Ismail b. Ayyash here narrates from the Hijazis, and his narrations from them are weak.
As for the wording, “Those who will take charge of your affairs after me …,” that portion is authentic. Abd Allah, son of Imam Ahmad, includes it in Zawaʾid al-Musnad 5/329 through Suwayd b. Saʿid → Yahya b. Salim → Ibn Khuthaym → Ismail b. Ubayd b. Rafaʿa → his father Ubayd → Ubadah b. al-Samit. Al-Hakim 3/356 also transmits it via Abd Allah b. Waqid → Abd Allah b. Uthman b. Khuthaym → Abu al-Zubayr → Jabir → Ubadah.
It is further reported through Said b. Mansur → Muslim b. Khalid al-Zinji → Ismail b. Ubayd b. Rafaʿa → his father → Ubadah. The hadith is corroborated by a narration of Ibn Masʿud preserved by Ahmad 1/399-400 and Ibn Maja (2865) with a strong chain. Its wording is: “Men will rule your affairs after me who extinguish the sunnah, practise innovation, and delay the prayer beyond its proper time.” I asked, “O Messenger of Allah, if I encounter them, what should I do?” He replied, “You ask me, O son of Umm Abd, what you should do? There is no obedience to one who disobeys Allah.”