Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

in al-Mada’in.

Shabāb, in another chain, stated that he died in the year 37 AH, but this is a mistake, for Salman did not live to witness the Battle of the Camel or the Battle of Ṣiffīn.

ʿAbbās ibn Yazīd al-Baḥrānī said:
“The scholars affirm that Salman lived three hundred and fifty years; as for two hundred and fifty of those, they are certain.”

Abū Nuʿaym al-Aṣbahānī said: “It is said that Salman’s original name was Māhawayh;
others say Māyah;
and others say Buhbūd ibn Badhkhashān ibn Ādharjashīsh, descended from Manūjahar the king (1).
It is also said that he was from the line of Āb the king.”

It is further reported that he passed away in the year 33 AH, in al-Mada’in.

He added: “The date on the deed of his emancipation is Monday, in Jumādā al-Ūlā, during the year of the Messenger of Allah’s migration ﷺ.
His owner who sold him was ʿUthmān ibn Ashhal al-Quraẓī, the Jew.

It is also said that he returned to Isfahan in the time of ʿUmar;
that he had a brother named Bashīr (2), a daughter in Isfahan whose descendants remained, and two daughters in Egypt;
and that he had a son named Kathīr.”

Everything from al-Baḥrānī’s statement up to this point is quoted from Kitāb al-Ṭawālāt by Abū Mūsā al-Ḥāfiẓ.

I have searched and found nothing reliable regarding his age except al-Baḥrānī’s remark, and that is disconnected, lacking a chain of transmission.

Moreover, the totality of his life—his circumstances, campaigns, energy, movements, his scorn for mere palm-fronds, and the other details already mentioned—shows that he was neither extremely long-lived nor enfeebled with age. He left his homeland while still a youth, and he probably arrived in the Ḥijāz at about forty years of age, or less; he had barely settled there when he heard of the Prophet’s mission ﷺ, then

(1) According to Abu Nuaym’s History of Isfahan, one report calls him Ma Huwiyah; another identifies him as Ma Bah ibn Badakhshan ibn Azar Jasnas, a descendant of Manushahr the king; a third version gives his name as Behbud ibn Khashan. (2) In the printed edition the name has been mistakenly rendered as “Bishr.”
بِالمَدَائِنِ. وَقَالَ شَبَابٌ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ، فَمَا أَدْرَكَ سَلْمَانُ الجَمَلَ وَلاَ صِفِّيْنَ. قَالَ العَبَّاسُ بنُ يَزِيْدَ البَحْرَانِيُّ: يَقُوْلُ أَهْلُ العِلْمِ: عَاشَ سَلْمَانُ ثَلاَثَ مَائَةٍ وَخَمْسِيْنَ سَنَةً، فَأَمَّا مَائَتَانِ وَخَمْسُوْنَ، فَلاَ يَشُكُّوْنَ فِيْهِ. قَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الأَصْبَهَانِيُّ: يُقَالُ: اسْمُ سَلْمَانَ مَاهَوَيْه. وَقِيْلَ: مَايَةُ. وَقِيْلَ: بُهْبُوْدُ بنُ بَذْخَشَانَ بنِ آذَرجشِيْشَ، مِنْ وَلَدِ مَنُوْجَهْرَ المَلِكِ (١) . وَقِيْلَ: مِنْ وَلَدِ آبَ المَلِكِ. يُقَالُ: تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ثَلاَثٍ وَثَلاَثِيْنَ، بِالمَدَائِنِ. قَالَ: وَتَارِيْخُ كِتَابِ عِتْقِهِ يَوْمُ الاثْنَيْنِ، فِي جُمَادَى الأُوْلَى، مُهَاجَرَ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ. وَمَوْلاَهُ الَّذِي بَاعَهُ: عُثْمَانُ بنُ أَشْهَلَ القُرَظِيُّ اليَهُوْدِيُّ. وَقِيْلَ: إِنَّهُ عَادَ إِلَى أَصْبَهَانَ زَمَنَ عُمَرَ. وَقِيْلَ: كَانَ لَهُ أَخٌ اسْمُهُ بَشِيْرٌ (٢) ، وَبِنْتٌ بِأَصْبَهَانَ لَهَا نَسْلٌ، وَبِنْتَانِ بِمِصْرَ. وَقِيْلَ: كَانَ لَهُ ابْنٌ اسْمُهُ كَثِيْرٌ. فَمِنْ قَوْلِ البَحْرَانِيِّ إِلَى هُنَا منَقُوْلٌ مِنْ كِتَابِ (الطّوَالاَتِ) لأَبِي مُوْسَى الحَافِظِ. وَقَدْ فَتَّشْتُ، فَمَا ظَفِرْتُ فِي سِنِّهِ بِشَيْءٍ، سِوَى قَوْلِ البَحْرَانِيِّ، وَذَلِكَ مُنْقَطِعٌ لاَ إِسْنَادَ لَهُ. وَمَجْمُوْعُ أَمْرِهِ، وَأَحْوَالِهِ، وَغَزْوِهِ، وَهِمَّتِهِ، وَتَصَرُّفِهِ، وَسَفِّهِ لِلْجَرِيْدِ، وَأَشْيَاءَ مِمَّا تَقَدَّمَ يُنْبِئُ بِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمُعَمَّرٍ، وَلاَ هَرِمٍ، فَقَدْ فَارَقَ وَطَنَهُ وَهُوَ حَدَثٌ، وَلَعَلَّهُ قَدِمَ الحِجَازَ وَلَهُ أَرْبَعُوْنَ سَنَةً أَوْ أَقَلَّ، فَلَمْ يَنْشَبْ أَنْ سَمِعَ بِمَبْعَثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ
(١) في تاريخ أصبهان لأبي نعيم " يقال: إن اسمه ما هويه " وقيل ما به ابن بدخشان ابن آزر جشنس من ولد منو شهر الملك. وقيل: كان اسمه، بهبود بن خشان. (٢) تحرفت في المطبوع إلى " بشر ".

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