Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (1/365)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Abu Hilal narrated—through Qatadah—from Anas:

“ʿAbd Allah ibn Zāʾidah, who is the very same Ibn Umm Maktūm, was fighting on the day of al-Qādisiyyah, clad in his own strong, full-length coat of mail (1).

Al-Wāqidī said: He was present at al-Qādisiyyah carrying the banner, after which he returned to Medina and died there; we heard no further mention of him after the time of ʿUmar.

I say: It is also said that he was martyred at al-Qādisiyyah.

Among those who transmitted from him are ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Laylā—in mursal form—Abu Razīn al-Asadī, and others besides them.

Al-Qādisiyyah was a major pitched battle (2) that took place in Iraq: the Muslims were under the command of Saʿd ibn Abī Waqqāṣ, while the idolaters were led by Rustum, Dhū al-Ḥājib, and Jālinūs.

Abu Wāʾil said: The Muslims numbered more than seven thousand, whereas the enemy were forty thousand.

Others have said: sixty thousand, accompanied by seventy elephants.

Al-Madāʾinī stated: They fought for three days, at the end of Shawwāl in the year 15 AH; Rustum was killed and the enemy routed.

(1) Reported by Ibn Saʿd, vol. 4, part 1, p. 154. (2) Al-Qadisiyya is a locality in Iraq, west of Najaf and fifteen parasangs from Kufa. Several views exist regarding the origin of its name; see Muʿjam al-Buldan, 4/291–293. It witnessed the decisive battle that broke the back of the Persian empire and left it in ruins; after that resounding victory Persia never rose again. On the battle Bishr b. Rabiʿa said: “Recall—may God guide you—the clash of our swords at the gate of Qadis, when guile was blind; that evening our foes longed that some of them might borrow a bird’s two wings and fly away. Whenever a troop emerged against us from their ranks, they sent another, surging like trembling mountains. I struck them until their host scattered in panic, and I thrust with the spear, for in thrusting I am skilled.” For further details on this engagement consult al-Tabari, Ibn al-Athir’s al-Kamil, Ibn Kathir’s al-Bidaya, and the author’s Tarikh al-Islam under the events of the year 16 AH.

أَبُو هِلاَلٍ: عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بنَ زَائِدَةَ - وَهُوَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُوْمٍ - كَانَ يُقَاتِلُ يَوْمَ القَادِسِيَّةِ، وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ لَهُ حَصِيْنَةٌ سَابِغَةٌ (١) . قَالَ الوَاقِدِيُّ: شَهِدَ القَادِسِيَّةَ مَعَهُ الرَّايَةُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى المَدِيْنَةِ، فَمَاتَ بِهَا، وَلَمْ نَسْمَعْ لَهُ بِذِكْرٍ بَعْدَ عُمَرَ. قُلْتُ: وَيُقَالُ: اسْتُشْهِدَ يَوْمَ القَادِسِيَّةِ. حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى مُرْسَلٌ، وَأَبُو رَزِيْنٍ الأَسَدِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا. وَالقَادِسِيَّةُ: مَلْحَمَةٌ كُبْرَى (٢) ، تَمَّتْ بِالعِرَاقِ، وَعَلَى المُسْلِمِيْنَ سَعْدُ بنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَعَلَى المُشْرِكِيْنَ رُسْتُمٌ، وَذُوْ الحَاجِبِ، وَالجَالِيْنُوْسُ. قَالَ أَبُو وَائِلٍ: كَانَ المُسْلِمُوْنَ أَزْيَدَ مِنْ سَبْعَةِ آلاَفٍ، وَكَانَ العَدُوُّ أَرْبَعِيْنَ. وَقِيْلَ: سِتِّيْنَ أَلْفاً، مَعَهُم سَبْعُوْنَ فِيْلاً. قَالَ المَدَائِنِيُّ: اقْتَتَلُوا ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، فِي آخِرِ شَوَّالٍ، سَنَةَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ، فَقُتِلَ رُسْتُمٌ، وَانْهَزَمُوا.

(١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٤ / ١ / ١٥٤. (٢) القادسية: موضع في العراق غربي النجف بينها وبين الكوفة خمسة عشر فرسخا، وهناك آراء في سبب تسميتها تراجع في " معجم البلدان " ٤ / ٢٩١ - ٢٩٣. وفيها حدثت المعركة الفاصلة التي قصمت ظهر فارس، وجعلتها أثرا بعد عين، فلم تقم لها قائمة بعد هذه الوقعة المظفرة. وفيها يقول بشر بن ربيعة: تذكر، هداك الله، وقع سيوفنا * بباب قديس، والمكر ضرير عشية ود القوم لو أن بعضهم * يعار جناحي طائر فيطير إذا برزت منهم إلينا كتيبة * أتونا بأخرى كالجبال تمور فضاربتهم حتى تفرق جمعهم * وطاعنت، إني بالطعان مهير وانظر خبر هذه المعركة في " الطبري "، وابن الأثير في " كامله "، و" البداية " لابن كثير و" تاريخ الإسلام " للمؤلف في أحداث سنة (١٦) هـ.