In the Torah—so the report has reached us—he is described as a protection for the unlettered, and his name there is al-Mutawakkil (the Reliant upon Allah).

Among his other names are al-Amīn (the Trustworthy)—a title by which Quraysh addressed him before his prophethood—al-Fātiḥ (the Opener), and Qutham.

ʿAlī ibn Zayd ibn Judʿān said: People once debated which was the finest verse ever uttered by the Arabs, and they agreed upon Abū Ṭālib’s line concerning the Prophet ﷺ:
“He derived for him a portion of His own name to exalt him:
So the Lord of the Throne is Maḥmūd, while this one is Muḥammad.”

ʿĀṣim ibn Abī al-Nujūd related—from Abū Wāʾil, from ʿAbd Allah—who said: I met the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on one of the roads of Madīnah, and he said, “I am Muḥammad, I am Aḥmad, I am the Prophet of mercy, the Prophet of repentance, the Muqaffā, I am the Ḥāshir, and the Prophet of battle.” He explained that al-Muqaffā is the one after whom there is no prophet. Al-Tirmidhī recorded this in al-Shamāʾil with a sound chain, and Ḥammād ibn Salamah transmitted it from ʿĀṣim with the chain: from Zirr, from Ḥudhayfah, in similar wording.

A weak chain is also reported from Abū al-Ṭufayl in which the Prophet ﷺ said, “I have ten names,” mentioning among them al-Fātiḥ and al-Khātim.

I say: Most of the names we have cited are in fact descriptive attributes rather than proper nouns, while it is mass-transmitted that his teknonym is Abū al-Qāsim.

Ibn Sīrīn reported—from Abū Hurayrah—that Abū al-Qāsim ﷺ said, “Name yourselves with my name, but do not take my teknonym.” Agreed upon.

Muḥammad ibn ʿAjlān narrated—from his father, from Abū Hurayrah—that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Do not combine my name with my teknonym. I am Abū al-Qāsim; Allah gives and I distribute.”

Ibn Lahīʿah reported—from ʿAqīl, from al-Zuhrī, from Anas—who said: When he was born—