Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi
  1. ʿUbaydah ibn al-Ḥārith ibn al-Muṭṭalib ibn ʿAbd Manāf ibn Quṣayy, the Qurashi al-Muṭṭalibī.
    His mother came from the tribe of Thaqīf.
    He was one of the earliest pioneers to embrace Islam and was ten years older than the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.
    He emigrated together with his brothers al-Tufayl and Ḥuṣayn. Of medium stature and handsome appearance, he enjoyed great standing with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.
    It was he who stepped forward to duel the champion of the idolaters on the Day of Badr. The two exchanged a pair of blows, each dealing the other a decisive wound. ʿAlī and Ḥamzah then charged ʿUtbah and killed him, while they carried ʿUbaydah away with life still in him. He died at al-Ṣafrāʾ (1) during the last ten nights of Ramadan in the second year AH—may Allah be pleased with him.
    Earlier, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had appointed him commander over sixty mounted Emigrants and had fastened a banner for him; it was the very first banner ever raised in Islam. He confronted Quraysh, led by Abū Sufyān, at Thaniyyat al-Marrah, and that encounter was the first fighting that occurred in Islam.
    This was stated by Ibn Isḥāq. (2)
(*) Ibn Saʿd, al-Tabaqat, 3/1/34; Nasab Quraysh, 93-94; Khalifa, Taʾrikh, 59, 61, 62; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istiʿab, 7/114; Ibn al-Athir, Usud al-Ghaba, 3/553; al-Nawawi, Tahdhib al-Asmaʾ wa-l-Lughat, 1/317-318; al-Fasi, al-ʿAqd al-Thamin, 5/444-446; Ibn Hajar, al-Isaba, 6/369; Ibn al-Imad, Shadharat al-Dhahab, 1/9. (1) al-Safraʾ is a village abundant in date-palms and farmland, watered by natural springs. It lies above Yanbuʿ on the Madina side, and its streams flow down to Yanbuʿ. In the elegy for ʿUbayda b. al-Harith it is said: “Safraʾ embraced glory and nobility, and an inborn forbearance of sound mind and judgment; Lament ʿUbayda—a host to wayfarers in exile, and a widow who stoops, dishevelled like a dry branch.” See the remainder of the verses in Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah, 2/41-42. The account of the duel is related by al-Hakim, 3/194, on the authority of ʿAli; cf. Ibn Hisham, 1/625. (2) Ibn Saʿd, 3/1/35; Ibn Hisham, 1/591-595; Ibn Sayyid al-Nas, 1/224; Ibn Kathir, al-Sirah, 3/234.
٤٥ - عُبَيْدَةُ بنُ الحَارِثِ بنِ المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ بنِ قُصَيٍّ القُرَشِيُّ المُطَّلِبِيُّ * وَأُمُّهُ: مِنْ ثَقِيْفٍ. وَكَانَ أَحَدَ السَّابِقِيْنَ الأَوَّلِيْنَ، وَهُوَ أَسَنُّ مِنْ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ بِعَشْرِ سِنِيْنَ. هَاجَرَ هُوَ وَأَخُوْهُ الطُّفَيْلُ، وَحُصَيْنٌ، وَكَانَ رَبْعَةً مِنَ الرِّجَالِ، مَلِيْحاً، كَبِيْرَ المَنْزِلَةِ عِنْدَ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ. وَهُوَ الَّذِي بَارَزَ رَأْسَ المُشْرِكِيْنَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، فَاخْتَلَفَا ضَرْبَتَيْنِ، فَأَثْبَتَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا الآخَرَ، وَشَدَّ عَلِيٌّ وَحَمْزَةُ عَلَى عُتْبَةَ فَقَتَلاَهُ، وَاحْتَملاَ عُبَيْدَةَ وَبِهِ رَمَقٌ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ بِالصَّفْرَاءِ (١) ، فِي العَشْرِ الأَخِيْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ ﵁. وَقَدْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَمَّرَهُ عَلَى سِتِّيْنَ رَاكِباً مِنَ المُهَاجِرِيْنَ، وَعَقَدَ لَهُ لِوَاءً، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ لِوَاءٍ عُقِدَ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ، فَالْتَقَى قُرَيْشاً وَعَلَيْهِم أَبُو سُفْيَانَ عِنْدَ ثَنِيَّةِ المَرَةِ، وَكَانَ ذَاكَ أَوَّلَ قِتَالٍ جَرَى فِي الإِسْلاَمِ. قَالَهُ: ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ (٢) .
(*) طبقات ابن سعد: ٣ / ١ / ٣٤، نسب قريش: ٩٤ ٩٣، تاريخ خليفة: ٥٩، ٦١، ٦٢، الاستيعاب: ٧ / ١١٤، أسد الغابة: ٣ / ٥٥٣، تهذيب الأسماء واللغات: ١ / ٣١٧ - ٣١٨، العقد الثمين: ٥ / ٤٤٤ - ٤٤٦، الإصابة: ٦ / ٣٦٩، شذرات الذهب: ١ / ٩. (١) الصفراء: قرية كثيرة النخل والمزارع، وماؤها عيون. وهي فوق ينبع مما يلي المدينة. وماؤها يجرى إلى ينبع. وقد قيل في رثاء عبيدة بن الحارث: لقد ضمن الصفراء مجدا وسؤددا ... وحلما أصيلا وافر اللب والعقل عبيدة فابكيه لاضياف غربة ... وأرملة تهوي لاشعث كالجذل وانظر بقية الابيات في " السيرة " لابن هشام ٢ / ٤١ - ٤٢. وحديث المبارزة أخرجه الحاكم ٣ / ١٩٤ من حديث علي، وانظر ابن هشام ١ / ٦٢٥. (٢) ابن سعد ٣ / ١ / ٣٥، وابن هشام ١ / ٥٩١ - ٥٩٥، وابن سيد الناس ١ / ٢٢٤، وابن كثير في " سيرته " ٣ / ٢٣٤.

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