not as the Kharijites and the Rafidites assert about him. His legal standing is the same as that of the slayer of ʿUthmān, the slayer of al-Zubayr, the slayer of Ṭalḥah, the slayer of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, the slayer of ʿAmmār, the slayer of Khārijah, and the slayer of al-Ḥusayn. We dissociate ourselves from every one of these men, detesting them for the sake of Allah, and we leave their ultimate fate to Allah.

Those who died during the caliphate of ʿAlī—listed more or less in alphabetical order—include:

• Rafāʿah ibn Rāfiʿ ibn Mālik ibn al-ʿAjlān, Abū Muʿādh al-Anṣārī al-Zurqī, the brother of Mālik and Khallād. He and his brother Khallād fought at Badr, and their father was one of the nuqabāʾ (delegated chiefs) of the Anṣār. He transmitted hadiths, and among his transmitters were his two sons ʿUbayd and Muʿādh, his nephew Yaḥyā ibn Khallād, and others. He left many descendants in Medina and in Baghdad. He died around the year 40 AH; Ibn Saʿd, however, says that his death occurred at the very beginning of Muʿāwiyah’s caliphate.

• Ṣafwān ibn ʿAssāl al-Murādī. He campaigned alongside the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in twelve expeditions and related hadiths. Among those who narrated from him are Zur ibn Ḥubaysh, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maslamah al-Murādī, Abū al-Ghurayf ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Khalīfah, and Abū Salamah ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. He later settled in Kūfah.

• Qarẓah ibn Kaʿb al-Anṣārī al-Khazrajī.