Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

204 – Aqṭāy Fāris al-Dīn al-Turkī al-Ṣāliḥī al-Najmī*

He was the senior of the emirs, known as Fāris al-Dīn, a Turk from the Ṣāliḥī and Najmī regiments. Handsome in appearance and greatly respected, he was famed for his generosity and courage.

A merchant in Damascus had purchased him as a slave, reared him, and later sold him for one thousand dinars. Alexandria was granted to him as his fief, and he owned more horses and mamluks than a sultan ordinarily possessed. Effectively controlling the realm, he won the allegiance of the leading Bahri officers, such as al-Rashīdī al-Bunduqdārī. Yet he was harsh and domineering: he rode with royal pomp, showed no regard for Sultan al-Muʿizz, entered the treasuries at will, and took whatever he pleased.

He then married the daughter of the ruler of Ḥamāh and demanded that the Palace (1) be vacated so he could hold his wedding there and take up residence. Determined to have his way, he persisted until Shajar al-Durr and her husband al-Muʿizz agreed to eliminate him. They assigned the task to Qutuz—who would become sultan ten years later—and he killed him. The gate of the Citadel was locked; Aqṭāy’s retinue, about 700 strong, mounted up and surrounded the fortress. His head was hurled out to them, whereupon they scattered. This took place in Shaʿbān, 652 AH.

It was also said that he himself had slain the son of his former master, al-Malik al-Muʿaẓẓam ibn al-Ṣāliḥ.

(*) Al-Dhahabi records him under entry 265. See also: Mirat al-zaman, 8/792-793; Dhayl al-rawdatayn, p. 188; Ibn al-Futi, Talkhis Majmaʿ al-adab fi Muʿjam al-alqab, vol. 4, part 3, pp. 11-12, entry 1836; Abu al-Fida, Tarikh, 2/199; al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam (Aya Sofya MS 3013), vol. 20, fols. 116-117; Duwal al-Islam, 2/119; al-Ibar, 5/211; al-Wafi bil-wafayat, 9/317-318, entry 4250; Ibn Shakir al-Kutbi, Uyun al-tawarikh, 20/76-77; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya wa-l-nihaya, 13/185; al-Asjad al-masbuk, p. 605; al-Nujum al-zahira, 7/33; Shadharat al-dhahab, 5/255. (1) The base manuscript reads: "wa-laysa biha"; we have preferred the reading found in Tarikh al-Islam.
٢٠٤ - أَقْطَايُ فَارِسُ الدِّيْنِ التُّرْكِيُّ الصَّالِحِيُّ النَّجْمِيُّ * كَبِيْر الأُمَرَاء، فَارِس الدِّيْنِ التُّرْكِيّ، الصَّالِحيّ، النّجمِي. كَانَ مليح الشَّكْلِ، وَافَرَ الحِشْمَة، مَوْصُوَفاً بِالْكَرَمِ وَالشَّجَاعَةِ. اشترَاهُ تَاجرٌ بِدِمَشْقَ فَربَّاهُ، وَبَاعَهُ بِأَلفِ دِيْنَارٍ، وَكَانَتِ الإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ إِقطَاعَهُ، وَلَهُ مِنَ الخَيلِ وَالمَمَالِيْكِ مَا لاَ يَكُوْن لِسُلْطَانٍ، وَكَانَ عَامِلاً عَلَى المُلكِ، انْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ كُبَرَاء البحرِيَة كَالرَّشِيْدِيّ البُنْدُقْدَارِي، وَكَانَ فِيْهِ عَسف وَجبروت، وَصَارَ يَرْكُب ركبَة المُلُوْك، وَلاَ يَلتفت عَلَى الْملك المُعِزّ، وَيدخل بيُوت الأَمْوَال، وَيَأْخذ مَا شَاءَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ بِابْنةِ صَاحِب حَمَاة، فَطَلبَ أَنْ تخلَى لَهُ دَار السّلطنَة ليعْمَل عرْسه وَلِيَسْكُن (١) بِهَا، وَصمَّم عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَاتَّفَقت شجر الدُّرّ وَزوجهَا المُعِزّ عَلَى الفَتكِ بِهِ، وَانتَدَبَ لَهُ قُطُز الَّذِي تَسَلَّطن فِي عَشْرَةٍ فَقتلُوْهُ، وَأَغلق بَاب القَلْعَة، فَرَكبت حَاشيته نَحْو سَبْع مائَة، وَأَحَاطُوا بِالقَلْعَة، فَرُمِي إِلَيْهِم بِرَأْسِهِ، فَهَرَبُوا فِي شَعْبَانَ، سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَخَمْسِيْنَ وَسِتِّ مائَةٍ. وَقِيْلَ: كَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي قتل ابْن أُسْتَاذه المَلِك المُعَظَّم ابْن الصَّالِح.
(*) ذكره الذهبي في الترجمة ٢٦٥، انظر ترجمته في مرآة الزمان: ٨ / ٧٩٢ - ٧٩٣، ذيل الروضتين: ١٨٨، تلخيص مجمع الآداب في معجم الألقاب لابن الفوطي: ج ٤ القسم الثالث ص ١١ - ١٢ الترجمة ١٨٣٦، تاريخ ابي الفدا: ٢ / ١٩٩، تاريخ الإسلام (أيا صوفيا ٣٠١٣) ج ٢٠ الورقة ١١٦ - ١١٧، دول الإسلام: ٢ / ١١٩، العبر: ٥ / ٢١١ الوافي بالوفيات: ٩ / ٣١٧ - ٣١٨ الترجمة ٤٢٥٠، عيون التواريخ لابن شاكر الكتبي: ٢٠ / ٧٦ - ٧٧، البداية والنهاية: ١٣ / ١٨٥، العسجد المسبوك: ٦٠٥، النجوم الزاهرة: ٧ / ٣٣، شذرات الذهب: ٥ / ٢٥٥. (١) في الأصل: وليس بها وما أثبتناه عن تاريخ الإسلام.

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