In this work he records the lives of the eminent and noble figures from the dawn of Islam up to roughly the year 700 AH, dividing the whole into thirty-five ṭabaqāt (1), each spanning about twenty years. The first and second volumes he set aside for the blessed Prophetic biography and for the lives of the Rightly Guided Caliphs; yet he did not rewrite those sections himself. Instead, he referred the reader to his monumental History of Islam so that they might be extracted from there and appended to the series, as we shall clarify later.
Al-Dhahabī’s overall method in composing an entry is to begin with the subject’s name, lineage, honorific, kunya (teknonym), and nisba; then he states the date of birth (2), outlines the circumstances of upbringing and study, describes the fields in which the person was active and excelled, lists the teachers he met, from whom he transmitted, and from whom he benefited, names the pupils who learned from him, profited by his knowledge, and graduated under him, and finally enumerates his scholarly, literary, or social works. He then establishes the subject’s standing by quoting the judgments of trustworthy scholars, relying on the most authoritative sources closely connected with the individual, before noting the date of death—scrutinising it with remarkable precision and, when historians disagree, preferring one opinion over another (3).
Throughout the biographies of hadith scholars he scatters numerous reports that he himself received through their lines of transmission with an elevated (ʿālī) isnād, whether identical (muwāfaqa), substitutive (badal), or equivalent (musāwāt).
For the most part he gauges the length of an entry—whether long or short—according to the stature of the person being profiled.