and al-Kindī, and Ḥanbal.

He learned the seven canonical readings from al-Shāṭibī, Abū al-Jud, al-Kindī, and Shihāb al-Ghaznawī.

For many years he taught Qurʾānic recitation, yet he never transmitted the chains he had received from al-Ghaznawī and al-Kindī—although theirs were the highest of his isnāds—because the text he had studied with them was al-Mubhij (1). Later in life he no longer considered it permissible to teach from that work or from anything that went beyond the Seven; it was said that he abstained after a dream he had seen.

He was a leading authority on Arabic, thoroughly versed in its lexicon, a jurist and muftī, an expert on the readings and their rationales, a master of proper articulation, and an accomplished exegete.

He authored books, taught recitation, and benefited countless students; he transmitted a great deal, his fame spread far and wide, and reciters flocked to him in large numbers.

Among those who read to him were: Shams al-Dīn Abū al-Fatḥ al-Anṣārī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū Shāmah, Rashīd al-Dīn Ibn Abī al-Durr, Zayn al-Dīn al-Zawāwī, Taqī al-Dīn Yaʿqūb al-Jarāʾidī, Shaykh Ḥasan al-Siqillī, Jamāl al-Dīn al-Fāḍilī, Raḍī al-Dīn Jaʿfar ibn Danūqā, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn al-Dimyāṭī, Niẓām al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Tabrīzī, al-Shihāb Ibn Muzhir, and several others.

Those who narrated from him include: Shaykh Zayn al-Dīn al-Fāriqī, al-Jamāl Ibn Kathīr, al-Rashīd ibn al-Muʿallim, Muḥammad ibn Qaymāz al-Daqīqī, the preacher Sharaf al-Dīn al-Fazārī, Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mukhrimī, Abū ʿAlī Ibn al-Khallāl, Ibrāhīm ibn al-Naṣīr, Ismāʿīl ibn Maktūm, al-Zayn Ibrāhīm ibn al-Shīrāzī, and others.

Alongside his vast learning and manifold virtues he was deeply devout, of fine character, beloved by the people, greatly venerated, free of pretension; he occupied himself with nothing but knowledge and its dissemination.