been driven from land to land—first to India, then to Kirmān, and after that to the districts of Iraq. From there he pressed on toward Azerbaijan and took possession of much of it. He betrayed the atabeg Uzbak, expelled him from his domain, and seized his wife, the daughter of Sultan Tughril, whom he then married. Next he fought a pitched battle with the Georgians, smashed them, killed their kings, and his authority grew while his forces multiplied.

In the end, though, his fortunes collapsed after al-Malik al-Ashraf Mūsā, together with the ruler of Rūm in the Armenian region, defeated him. Later the Tatars launched a night raid; he escaped with about one hundred horsemen, who soon scattered until he was left alone. Fifteen Tatars pursued him hard; he stood his ground, killed two of them, and the rest drew back. He then climbed a mountain near Āmid inhabited by Kurds. Their chieftain offered him protection, recognized him as the sultan, and promised him every good. Delighted, the Kurd went off to bring him horses and to inform his kinsmen, leaving him with the chieftain’s mother.

A bold Kurd came in and said, “Why(1) are you keeping this Khwarazmian here?”
“It is the Sultan himself—be quiet,” they told him.
“I will kill him,” he replied, “for he slew my brother at Khilāṭ.”
He then charged at him with a spear and killed him on the spot—in mid-Shawwāl of the year 628 AH.

199 – Abū Muḥammad al-Rawābiṭī
One of the leading ascetics of al-Andalus.
Ibn Masdī studied under him and said that he died in 627 AH. He would wander along the frontier zones of al-Andalus, taking shelter in rural mosques, and miracles were ascribed to him. He was captured and taken in chains to Tortosa. One night the Christian jailer arose and found him standing in prayer while his shackles lay beside him, and he was amazed; when