Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

He authored a large number of books, among them: Gharib al-Hadith (Uncommon Terms in Hadith); al-Wadiḥah fī Iʿrāb al-Fātiḥah (A Clear Grammatical Analysis of al-Fātiḥah); Sharḥ Khuṭab Ibn Nubātah (Commentary on the Sermons of Ibn Nubātah); al-Radd ʿalā al-Fakhr al-Rāzī fī Tafsīr Sūrat al-Ikhlāṣ (Refutation of Fakhr al-Rāzī’s Exegesis of Sūrat al-Ikhlāṣ); the legal treatise Masʾalat “Anti Ṭāliqun fī Shahr Qabla Mā Baʿda Qablihi Ramaḍān” (“You are divorced in a month before what comes after the month before it—Ramaḍān”); Sharḥ Fuṣūl Buqrāṭ (Commentary on Hippocrates’ Aphorisms); Kitāb Akhbār Miṣr al-Kabīr (The Grand Chronicle of Egypt); Kitāb al-Ifādah fī Akhbār Miṣr (Useful Notes on the History of Egypt); Maqālah fī al-Nafs (A Treatise on the Soul); Maqālah fī al-ʿAṭash (A Treatise on Thirst); Maqālah fī al-Radd ʿalā al-Yahūd wa al-Naṣārā (A Treatise Refuting the Jews and the Christians); and many other works which I have listed in my Tārīkh al-Islām (History of Islam).

He set out from Aleppo intending to perform the pilgrimage by way of Iraq. He entered Ḥarrān, related hadith there, then continued on until he reached Baghdad ill; death overtook him in Baghdad on 12 Muḥarram 629 AH, and al-Suhrawardī led the funeral prayer over him.

Al-Muwaffaq Aḥmad ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿah (1) said: “My father and my uncle studied under him; his pen was better than his tongue, and he used to belittle the scholars of his own time and speak disparagingly of Ibn Sīnā.”

Al-Muwaffaq ʿAbd al-Laṭīf said: “I resided in Mosul for a year pursuing my studies, and I heard people making a great fuss about the philosopher al-Suhrawardī, thinking he had surpassed everyone. So I asked al-Kamāl ibn Yūnus for some of his writings and examined the Talwīḥāt and the Maʿārij. In the course of his discourse he inserts isolated letters, giving the impression that they are divine mysteries.”

He also said, “I produced a grammatical analysis of al-Fātiḥah that filled about twenty quires.”

(1) See his biography in Uyun al-Anba, vol. 2, p. 202.
وَلَهُ مُصَنّفَاتٌ كَثِيْرَةٌ، مِنْهَا: (غَرِيْبُ الحَدِيْثِ) ، وَ (الوَاضحَةُ فِي إِعرَابِ الفَاتِحَةِ) ، (شَرحُ خطبِ ابْنِ نُبَاتَةَ) ، (الرَّدُّ عَلَى الفَخْرِ الرَّازِيِّ فِي تَفْسِيْرِ سُوْرَةِ الإِخْلاَصِ) ، (مَسْأَلَةُ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ فِي شَهْرٍ قَبْلَ مَا بَعْدَ قَبْلِهِ رَمَضَان) ، (شرحُ فُصُولِ بُقرَاطَ) ، كِتَابُ (أَخْبَارِ مِصْرَ الكَبِيْرُ) ، كِتَابُ (الإِفَادَةِ فِي أَخْبَارِ مِصْرَ) ، (مَقَالَةٌ فِي النَّفْسِ) ، (مَقَالَةٌ فِي العطشِ) ، (مَقَالَةٌ فِي الرَّدِّ عَلَى اليَهُوْدِ وَالنَّصَارَى) ، وَأَشيَاءُ كَثِيْرَةٌ ذَكَرْتُهَا فِي (تَارِيخِ الإِسْلاَمِ) . وَقَدْ سَافرَ مِنْ حَلَبَ لِيَحُجَّ مِنَ العِرَاقِ، فَدَخَلَ حَرَّانَ، وَحَدَّثَ بِهَا، وَسَارَ فَدَخَلَ بَغْدَادَ مَرِيْضاً، ثُمَّ حَضَرَتِ المَنِيَّةُ بِبَغْدَادَ، فِي ثَانِي عَشَرَ المُحَرَّمِ، سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِيْنَ وَسِتِّ مائَةٍ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ السُّهْرَوَرْدِيُّ. قَالَ المُوَفَّقُ أَحْمَدُ بنُ أَبِي أُصَيْبِعَةَ (١) : كَانَ أَبِي وَعَمِّي يَشتغلاَنِ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَلَمُهُ أَجْوَدُ مِنْ لَفظِهِ، وَكَانَ يَنْتقِصُ بِالفُضَلاَءِ الَّذِيْنَ فِي زَمَانِهِ، وَيَحطُّ عَلَى ابْنِ سِينَا. قَالَ المُوَفَّقُ عَبْدُ اللَّطِيْفِ: أَقَمْتُ بِالمَوْصِلِ سَنَةً أَشتغِلُ، وَسَمِعْتُ النَّاسَ يَهرجُوْنَ فِي حَدِيْثِ السُّهْرَوَرْدِيِّ الفَيْلَسُوْفِ، وَيَعْتَقِدُوْنَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ فَاقَ الكُلَّ، فَطَلبتُ مِنَ الكَمَالِ ابْنِ يُوْنُسَ شَيْئاً مِنْ تَصَانِيْفِهِ، فَوَقَفْتُ عَلَى (التَّلْوِيْحَاتِ) ، وَ (المعَارجِ) ، وَفِي أَثْنَاءِ كَلاَمِهِ يُثْبِتُ حُرُوَفاً مُقَطَّعَةً يُوهِمُ بِهَا أَنَّهَا أَسرَارٌ إِلَهِيَّةٌ. وَقَالَ: أَعربتُ الفَاتِحَةَ فِي نَحْوِ عِشْرِيْنَ كُرَّاساً.
(١) انظر ترجمته من عيون الانباء: ٢ / ٢٠٢.

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