so he appointed his brother Jahan as his deputy over the lands he had taken on the Indian frontier, then set out for Iraq, enduring severe hardships. In 621 AH he managed to reach Shiraz with only four thousand men—some of them reduced to riding oxen and donkeys. ʿAlāʾ al-Dawla the Atabeg came to him in submission, and Jalal al-Din married his daughter. From there he proceeded to Isfahan, where the people welcomed him with joy. His brother Ghiyath al-Din was encamped nearby with thirty thousand troops, and bad blood existed between the two. Ghiyath al-Din fled, but they later reconciled and joined forces. The armies gathered around Jalal al-Din, and his stature grew tremendously.

In the same year a battle took place between the Tatars who had entered through the Darband Pass and the Kipchaks and the Rus. They held out for several days, but eventually the slaughter among the Rus and the Kipchaks became overwhelming.

Also in 621 AH, al-Ashraf wrested Khilat from his brother Ghazi, though he left him Mayyafariqin.

That year Jalal al-Din Khwarazm-Shah marched on Azerbaijan, seized it, and received a letter from al-Muʿaẓẓam (1) asking him for help against his brother al-Ashraf.

In the same year Badr al-Din Luʾluʾ secretly strangled King al-Qahir and assumed control of Mosul.

The Kāmilīyah Dār al-Ḥadīth was erected, with Ibn Dihyah appointed as its shaykh.

The ruler of Yemen, Aqsis—son of al-Malik al-Kamil—arrived intending to take Syria, but he died and his father inherited great wealth from him.

That same year the Tatars returned from the land of the Kipchaks, sacked Rayy, Sāwah, and Qumm, and then engaged the Khwarazmian forces.