Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (22/228)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

and their following multiplied; their forces massed, and when they met the armies of the realm they ground them to dust. Once the Qan realized their power he sent threats to intimidate them, but when they engaged him in battle they broke him in the most humiliating fashion. The Qan escaped with his life, and Chinggis Khan took possession of his lands. The Qan then sought peace and resigned himself to what remained in his hand. Chinggis Khan and Kishlu Khan marched on Sāqūn in China and conquered it. Shortly thereafter Kishlu Khan died, his son succeeded him, yet he wielded little influence with Chinggis Khan. Aggrieved, they separated and fought; Chinggis Khan defeated him, remained unrivalled, and the Mongol tribes submitted to him. He laid down for them a Yasa (1) to which they clung unwaveringly, treating obedience to him and revering him as a form of devotion.

The first pitched battle between Khwarazm Shah and the Tatars was led on the Tatar side by Chinggis Khan’s son Jochi Khan. Jochi was routed, and Khwarazm Shah returned from the Turkish lands anxious and preoccupied by this enemy, having seen their great numbers, audacity, and valor.

In 607 AH: the kings united against al-ʿĀdil—the Sultan of Rūm, the lord of Mosul, al-Ẓāhir, the King of the Jazīra, and the ruler of Arbīl. They resolved that the Friday sermon should be proclaimed in the name of sovereignty for the ruler of Rūm, Khusrawshāh son of Qilij Arslān, and they encouraged the Georgians to march on Khilāṭ. When their vanguard was captured, their opinions diverged and they sued for peace with al-ʿĀdil. Īwāʾī ransomed himself with two thousand captives, eighty thousand dinars, and twenty fortresses he had seized, on the condition that he marry his daughter to al-Malik al-Awhad. He returned to his dominion and was excused part of what he had pledged. When al-Ashraf gained control of Khilāṭ he married Īwāʾī’s daughter, while the lord of Mosul married al-ʿĀdil’s daughter but died before she reached him (2).

The Tigris fell so low that people could wade across it above Baghdad.

608 AH: In this year Qatādah, ruler of Mecca, plundered the Iraqi caravan, killing a number of people.

(1) Al-yasa (the Mongols’ legal code). (2) Dhayl al-Rawdatayn, pp. 75–76.

جمعُهُم، فَالتَقَوا، فَطحنُوا عَسَاكِرَ البِلاَدِ، وَعلمَ القَانُ قوَّتَهُم، فَأَرْسَلَ يُخَوِّفُهُم، ثُمَّ التقَوْهُ، فَكسرُوهُ أَقبحَ كَسْرَة، وَنجَا القَانُ بِنَفْسِهِ، وَاسْتَوْلَى جِنْكِزْ خَان عَلَى بلاَدِهِ، فَرَاسلَهُ القَانُ بِالمسَالَمَةِ، وَقنعَ بِمَا بَقِيَ فِي يَدِهِ، وَسَارَا إِلَى سَاقُوْنَ مِنَ الصِّيْنِ، فَملكَاهَا، ثُمَّ مَاتَ كشلوخَان، فَقَامَ بَعْدَهُ وَلدُهُ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَعَ جِنْكِزْ خَان كَبِيْر أَمرٍ، فَتَأَلَّمَ وَافترقَا، وَتحَاربَا، فَظَفِرَ جِنْكِزْ خَان بِهِ، وَانْفَرَدَ، وَدَانَتْ لَهُ قبَائِلُ المغولِ، وَوَضَعَ لَهُم يَاسَةً (١) يَتمسَّكُوْنَ بِهَا، لاَ يُخَالِفونَهَا أَلبتَةَ، وَتعبَّدُوا بطَاعتِهِ وَتعَظِيْمِهِ، ثُمَّ أَوَّلُ مَصَافٍّ وَقَعَ بَيْنَ خُوَارِزْم شَاه وَبَيْنَ التَّتَارِ كَانَ قَائِدُهُم وَلدُ جِنْكِزْ خَان دوشِي خَان، فَانْهَزَمَ دوشِي خَان، وَرجعَ خُوَارِزْم شَاه مِنْ بلاَدِ التُّرْكِ فِي هَمٍّ وَفِكْرٍ مِنْ هَذَا العَدُوِّ لما رَأَى مِنْ كثرَتِهِم وَإِقدَامِهِم وَشَجَاعَتِهِم. وَفِي سَنَةِ ٦٠٧: اتَّفَقتِ المُلُوْكُ عَلَى العَادلِ، سُلْطَانُ الرُّوْمِ وَصَاحِبُ المَوْصِلِ وَالظَّاهِرُ وَمَلِكُ الجَزِيْرَةِ وَصَاحِبُ إِرْبِلَ، وَعزمُوا عَلَى إِقَامَةِ الخطبَةِ بِالسَّلطنَةِ لِصَاحِبِ الرُّوْمِ خسروشاه بنِ قِلْج أَرْسَلاَن، وَحَسَّنُوا لِلْكُرجِ قصد خِلاَط، فَلَمَّا أُسِرَ مُقَدِّمُهُم تَفرَّقَتِ الآرَاءُ، وَصَالحُوا العَادلَ، وَافتكَّ إِيوَائِي نَفْسَهُ بِأَلْفَي أَسِيْرٍ وَثَمَانِيْنَ أَلْفَ دِيْنَارٍ وَعِشْرِيْنَ قَلْعَةٍ كَانَ تغلَّبَ عَلَيْهَا، وَأَنَّ يُزَوِّجَ الملكَ الأَوحدَ بِابْنتِهِ، فَعَاد إِلَى مُلْكِهِ، وَسومِحَ بِبَعْضِ مَا التزَمَهُ، وَلَمَّا تَملَّكَ الأَشْرَفُ خِلاَط، تَزَوَّجَ بِابْنَةِ إِيوَائِي، وَتَزَوَّجَ صَاحِبُ المَوْصِلِ بِبنتِ العَادلِ، فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ وُصُوْلِهَا إِلَيْهِ (٢) . وَنقصَتْ دِجْلَةَ إِلَى الغَايَةِ حَتَّى خَاضَهَا النَّاسُ فَوْقَ بَغْدَادَ. سَنَة ٦٠٨: فِيْهَا اسْتبَاحَ رَكْبَ العِرَاقِ قَتَادَةُ صَاحِبُ مَكَّةَ، وَقُتِلَ عِدَّةٌ،

(١) الياسة: هي شريعة المغول وقانونهم. (٢) من ذيل الروضتين: ٧٥ - ٧٦.