Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

and was made to stand beside al-Muʿizz, who said to Ḥusām al-Dīn ibn Abī ʿAlī, “O Khawand, will you not greet our lord King al-Ṣāliḥ?!”
He said, “So I approached him and offered my salutation.”

Ibn Wāṣil adds: I saw al-Ṣāliḥ on the day the army entered in triumph, standing before al-Muʿizz, and Ibn Abī ʿAlī recounted to me:
“I asked al-Ṣāliḥ, ‘Have you ever seen Cairo before today?’
He replied, ‘Yes, when I was a boy.’”

They then detained him for several days, and it was said that he was strangled just as al-Jawād had been.

He had been a bold king, benevolent toward his troops, and fond of pomp. His father al-ʿĀdil was devoted to this prince’s mother; she has a mausoleum and a madrasa in Damascus.

Among his sons were: al-Malik al-Manṣūr Maḥmūd, whom his father enthroned in Damascus; al-Malik al-Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Malik, father of al-Malik al-Kāmil; and al-Malik al-Masʿūd, father of our patron Nāṣir al-Dīn.

His vizier was Amīn al-Dawla Abū al-Ḥasan ibn Ghazāl al-Sāmirī, followed by al-Muslimānī the physician, founder of the Amīniyya endowment in Baalbek. He was lax in religion, oppressive, and enamored of philosophy; he was hanged in Egypt during this upheaval, leaving vast wealth and some ten thousand volumes (1).

90 – The Lord of Rūm, Kaykāwūs ibn Kaykhusraw the Seljuq*
The sultan, the triumphant king, ʿIzz al-Dīn Kaykāwūs, son of Sultan Kaykhusraw ibn

(1) Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi states: “He himself brought about the fall of his own realm and snuffed out its last spark. We have dispersed reports of his atrocities throughout the yearly entries. Glory be to the One who relieved the Muslims of him: he was neither a Muslim nor even a Samaritan; he merely concealed himself behind Islam while zealously undermining the law of the Chosen Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).” (Mirat al-zaman, 8/784). Consult also his biography in al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, fol. 86 (Aya Sofya MS 3013). (*) Principal narrative sources: Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil, 12:347-350 (Beirut ed.); Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi, Mirat al-zaman, 8:593, 598; Dhayl al-Rawdatayn, 109; Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-kurub, 3:263-264; al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, fol. 144 (Aya Sofya MS 3011), together with other comprehensive chronicles of the period.
فَقَالَ لِحُسَامِ الدِّيْنِ ابْن أَبِي عَلِيٍّ: يَا خَوَنْد، أَمَا تُسَلِّم عَلَى المَوْلَى الْملك الصَّالِح؟! قَالَ: فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ، وَسَلَّمتُ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ وَاصِلٍ: رَأَيْتُ الصَّالِح يَوْم دُخُوْل الجَيْش مَنْصُوْرِيْنَ وَهُوَ بَيْنَ يَدَي المُعِزّ، فَحكَى لِي ابْنُ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلصَّالِحِ: هَلْ رَأَيْت القَاهِرَة قَبْل اليَوْم؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَأَنَا صَبِيٌّ، ثُمَّ اعتقلُوْهُ أَيَّاماً، فَقِيْلَ: خنقوهُ كَمَا خَنَقَ الجَوَاد. وَكَانَ مَلِكاً شَهْماً، مُحْسِناً إِلَى جُنْدِه، كَثِيْرَ التَّجَمُّل، وَكَانَ أَبُوْهُ العَادل يُحبّ أُمَّ هَذَا، وَلَهَا تربَة وَمَدْرَسَة بِدِمَشْقَ. وَمِنْ أَوْلاَده: الملكُ المَنْصُوْر مَحْمُوْد الَّذِي سَلْطَنَهُ أَبُوْهُ بِدِمَشْقَ، وَالملك السَّعِيْد عَبْد المَلِكِ وَالِد الْملك الكَامِل، وَالملك المَسْعُوْد وَالِد صَاحِبنَا نَاصِر الدِّيْنِ. وَوزر لَهُ أَمِيْنُ الدَّوْلَة أَبُو الحَسَنِ بنُ غَزَال السَّامرِيّ ثُمَّ المُسلمَانِيِّ الطَّبِيْب وَاقف أَمِينِية بَعْلَبَكَّ، وَكَانَ رقيقَ الدِّيْنِ، ظَلُوْماً، يَتَفَلْسَفُ، شُنِقَ بِمِصْرَ فِي هَذِهِ الفِتْنَة، وَتركَ أَمْوَالاً عَظِيْمَةً، وَمِنَ الكُتُبِ نَحْو عَشْرَة آلاَف مُجَلَّدٍ (١) . ٩٠ - صَاحِبُ الرُّوْمِ كيكَاوس بنُ كيخُسْرُو السَّلْجُوْقِيُّ * السُّلْطَانُ، المَلِكُ الغَالِب، عِزُّ الدِّيْنِ كيكَاوس ابْنُ السُّلْطَان كيخسرو بنِ
(١) قال سبط ابن الجوزي: " وهو الذي كان سببا لزوال دولته وإخماد جمرته، وقد ذكرنا فظائعه مفرقة في السنين، فسبحان من أراح منه المسلمين، وما كان مسلما ولا سامريا، بل كان يتستر بالاسلام، ويبالغ في هدم شريعة المصطفى ﷺ " (المرآة: ٨ / ٧٨٤) . وراجع ترجمته في تاريخ الإسلام، الورقة: ٨٦ (أيا صوفيا ٣٠١٣) . (*) الكامل لابن الأثير: ١٢ / ٣٤٧ - ٣٥٠ (بيروت) ، ومرآة الزمان: ٨ / ٥٩٣، ٥٩٨، وذيل الروضتين: ١٠٩، ومفرج الكروب لابن واصل: ٣ / ٢٦٣ - ٢٦٤، وتاريخ الإسلام، الورقة: ١٤٤ (أيا صوفيا: ٣٠١١) وغيرها من كتب التواريخ المستوعبة لعصره.

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