Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

—acknowledged as eloquent by the native speakers of each tongue. He was forbearing, slow to anger, humble, devout, upright, generous in charity, and constant in looking after the poor and the students. He first trained in jurisprudence under the school of Abū Ḥanīfah, then, in advanced age, switched to the Shāfiʿī school. He held the chair of grammar at the Niẓāmiyyah until his death.

I studied with him extensively; he was the first to open my mouth to knowledge, for my mother entrusted me to him when I was ten years old. I would recite to him the Qur’an, jurisprudence, and grammar, and consult books for him day and night; when he walked I would lead him by the hand. He was trustworthy and distinguished. He recited to me some verses he had composed:

O you who are beguiled by the world, awake—
It is a passing state, destined to perish and change.
Strive, then, to attain a kingdom that endures;
What good is there in a bliss that will soon depart?
Had we but reason, we would not laugh for a moment—
Yet reason itself has slipped away from us.

He said: He was born in Jumada al-Akhirah, in the year 34 (1), and died in Shaʿbān (2) of the year 612 AH, at which time I was in Nishapur.

I added: About him al-Muʾayyad ibn al-Takrītī (3) composed the following satire:

Who will convey from me a message to al-Wajīh—
Though letters, I know, are useless to him? (4)
You embraced the school of al-Nuʿmān after that of Ibn Ḥanbal
When provisions became scarce for you.
Nor did you choose the view of al-Shāfiʿī out of devotion;
You merely pursue whatever gain is at hand.
And before long—without doubt—you will move on to Mālik,
So take heed of the words that I say!

(1) This is Ibn al-Najjar’s view. Al-Mundhiri, by contrast, says that he was born in Wasit in the year 532 AH (1138 CE). The word “thirty” dropped out of Yaqut’s Irshad and al-Safadi’s Nukt al-himyan, so those two sources mistakenly give the year as 502 AH. (2) Al-Mundhiri specifies that it occurred on the night of the twenty-sixth of that same month. (3) The four verses are well known; most biographical works quote them, sometimes with variant wording, but the meaning is the same. (4) The base manuscript reads “bin Salim,” which is a scribal error.
فَصيح عِنْد أَهْل ذَلِكَ اللِّسَان، وَكَانَ حليماً، بَطِيء الغَضَب، مُتَوَاضِعاً، دَيِّناً، صَالِحاً، كَثِيْر الصَّدَقَة، متفقّداً لِلْفُقَرَاء وَالطّلبَة؛ تَفَقَّهَ أَوَّلاً لأَبِي حَنِيْفَةَ، ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلَ شَافِعِيّاً بَعْد عُلُوِّ سنّه، وَوَلِيَ تدرِيس النَّحْو بِالنّظَامِيَّة، إِلَى أَنْ مَاتَ، قَرَأْت عَلَيْهِ كَثِيْراً، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ فَتح فَمِي بِالعِلْمِ، لأَنْ أُمِّي أَسلمتَنِي إِلَيْهِ وَلِي عشر سِنِيْنَ، فَكُنْت أَقرَأُ عَلَيْهِ القُرْآن وَالفِقْه وَالنَّحْو، وَأُطَالع لَهُ ليلاً وَنَهَاراً، وَإِذَا مَشَى، كُنْت آخذاً بِيَدِهِ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً، نبيلاً، أَنْشَدَنِي لِنَفْسِهِ: أَيُّهَا المَغْرُوْر بِالدُّنْيَا انتبِه ... إِنَّهَا حَالٌ ستفنَى وَتحوْلُ وَاجتهِدْ فِي نِيلِ مُلْكٍ دَائِمٍ ... أَيُّ خَيْرٍ فِي نَعيمٍ سَيَزُولُ لَوْ عَقلْنَا مَا ضَحِكْنَا لَحْظَةً ... غَيْر أَنَّا فُقِدَتْ مِنَّا العُقُوْلُ قَالَ: مَوْلِدُهُ فِي جُمَادَى الآخِرَةِ، سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَثَلاَثِيْنَ (١) ، وَمَاتَ فِي شَعْبَانَ (٢) ، سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ وَسِتّ مائَةٍ، وَكُنْت بِنَيْسَابُوْرَ. قُلْتُ: فِيْهِ نَظم المُؤَيَّد ابْن التَّكرِيتِيّ (٣) : وَمَنْ مُبْلِغٌ عَنِّي الوَجِيْهَ رِسَالَةً (٤) ... وَإِنْ كَانَ لاَ تُجْدِي لَدَيْهِ الرَّسَائِلُ تَمَذْهَبْتَ لِلنُّعْمَانِ بَعْدَ ابْنِ حَنْبَلٍ ... وَذَلِكَ لَمَّا أَعْوَزَتْك المآكِلُ وَمَا اخْتَرتَ رَأْي الشَّافِعِيّ دِيَانَةً ... وَلَكِنَّمَا تَهوَى الَّذِي هُوَ حَاصِلُ وَعَمَّا قَلِيْلٍ أَنْتَ لاَ شَكَّ صَائِرٌ ... إِلَى مَالِكٍ فَافْطَنْ لِمَا أَنَا قَائِلُ!
(١) هذا قول ابن النجار، أما المنذري فقال: مولده بواسط في سنة اثنتين وثلاثين وخمس مئة. وقد سقطت كلمة " ثلاثين " من إرشاد ياقوت ونكت الهميان للصفدي فصار مولده فيهما سنة ٥٠٢. (٢) في ليلة السادس والعشرين منه، على ما ذكره المنذري. (٣) هذه الابيات الأربعة مشهورة ذكرتها معظم الكتب التي ترجمت له، وهي تروى باختلاف عما هنا، لكن المعني واحد. (٤) في الأصل: بن سالم، وهو تحريف.

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