167 – The ruler of Ghazna, Muḥammad ibn Sām ibn Ḥusayn al-Ghūrī
He is the great sultan, Ghiyāth al-Dīn, Abū al-Fatḥ Muḥammad ibn Sām ibn Ḥusayn al-Ghūrī, the brother of Sultan Shihāb al-Dīn al-Ghūrī.
ʿIzz al-Dīn ibn al-Buzūrī (1) said: “He was a just sovereign and lavish with his wealth. He treated his subjects kindly and compassionately; under him the ‘frontiers of the days’ smiled, and every season flourished thanks to his presence.
He drew the scholars near, cherished men of merit, built mosques, ribāṭs (Sufi hospices) and madrasahs, poured out charity, and erected caravanserais.
I say: The rise of their dynasty began with their fighting their own sultan, Bahrām Shāh ibn Masʿūd of the Sabuktiginid line. The head of the people of Ghūr at the time was ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥasan. Bahrām Shāh defeated him more than once and killed his brothers, but ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn eventually gained the upper hand, assumed the sultanate, and appointed his two nephews, Ghiyāth al-Dīn and Shihāb al-Dīn, the sons of Sām, as commanders. They then fought him, captured him, treated him with courtesy, and restored him to his throne. He submitted, married his sons to their daughters, and made the pair his heirs. When he died in the year 556 AH, the aforementioned Ghiyāth al-Dīn ascended the throne and took possession of Ghazna. The Ghuzz (Oghuz Turks) then overpowered him and held Ghazna for fifteen years.
Afterward Shihāb al-Dīn rose up, routed the Ghuzz, slew multitudes of them, and conquered the lands.