Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

he conquered Yemen, and Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn then marched forth and wrested Damascus from the son of Nūr al-Dīn (1).

In 571 AH he laid siege to ʿAzāz (2), whereupon members of the Bāṭiniyya (Assassins) attacked and wounded him.

In 573 AH the Franks routed him at Ramla; he fled with a small band and escaped.

In 575 AH he met them again and crushed them (3).

In 576 AH he ordered the construction of the Mountain Citadel (Qalʿat al-Jabal).

In 578 AH he crossed the Euphrates and captured Harran, Saruj, Raqqa, Edessa, Sinjar, al-Birah, Amid, and Nisibin; he besieged Mosul, then took Aleppo, granting its ruler Zanki Sinjar in compensation. He went on to invest Mosul a second and a third time until its lord, ʿIzz al-Dīn Masʿūd, concluded a peace treaty with him. He subsequently seized Shahrazur and al-Bawazij (4).

In 583 AH he took Tiberias and encamped before Asqalan. Next came the battle of Ḥiṭṭīn between him and the Franks, forty thousand strong; he cut them off from water on a hilltop, so they surrendered and their kings were taken captive. Pressing on, he seized Acre, Beirut, and Kawkab, then marched to Jerusalem, besieged it with determination, and captured the city under terms of safe conduct.

(1) That ruler is al-Malik al-Salih Ismail. (2) A town situated north of Aleppo, noted for its strong citadel; the sultan besieged it for thirty-eight days. For details see Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil, vol. 11, pp. 194–195. (3) In this encounter the lords of Ramla and Tiberias were captured; the engagement is known as Marj al-Uyun. (4) For information on these and the other places mentioned, consult Yaqut’s Muʿjam al-Buldan and Marasid al-Ittila, where they are listed.
افْتَتَحَ اليَمَن، وَسَارَ صَلاَح الدِّيْنِ، فَأَخَذَ دِمَشْق مِنِ ابْن نُوْر الدِّيْنِ (١) . وَفِي سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَسَبْعِيْنَ حَاصر عَزَاز (٢) ، وَوَثَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ البَاطِنِيَّة، فَجرحوهُ. وَفِي سَنَةِ ثَلاَثٍ كَسرته الفِرنْج عَلَى الرَّمْلَة، وَفَرَّ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ، وَنجَا. وَفِي سَنَةِ خَمْس التقَاهُم وَكسرهُم (٣) . وَفِي سَنَةِ سِتّ أَمر بِبنَاء قَلْعَة الْجَبَل. وَفِي سَنَةِ ثَمَان عَدَّى الفُرَات، وَأَخَذَ حرَّان، وَسَرُوْج، وَالرَّقَّة، وَالرُّهَا، وَسِنْجَار، وَالبِيْرَة، وَآمِد، وَنَصِيْبِيْن، وَحَاصَرَ المَوْصِل، ثُمَّ تَملّك حلب، وَعوّض عَنْهَا صَاحِبهَا زَنْكِي بِسِنْجَار، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ حَاصر المَوْصِل ثَانِياً وَثَالِثّاً، ثُمَّ صَالَحَه صَاحِبُهَا عِزّ الدِّيْنِ مَسْعُوْد، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ شَهْرزور وَالبوازِيج (٤) . وَفِي سَنَةِ ثَلاَثٍ وَثَمَانِيْنَ فَتح طبريَّة، وَنَازل عَسْقَلاَن، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ وَقْعَة حِطِّيْن بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الفِرنْج، وَكَانُوا أَرْبَعِيْنَ أَلفاً، فَحَال بَيْنهُم وَبَيْنَ المَاء عَلَى تلّ، وَسلّمُوا نُفُوْسهُم، وَأُسِرَتْ ملوكهُم، وَبَادر، فَأَخَذَ عكَّا وَبَيْرُوْت وَكَوْكَب، وَسَارَ فَحَاصَر القُدْس، وَجدّ فِي ذَلِكَ فَأَخَذَهَا بِالأَمَان.
(١) هو الملك الصالح إسماعيل. (٢) بلدة تقع شمالي حلب، وفيها قلعة حصينة، وقد حاصرها السلطان ثمانية وثلاثين يوما. (انظر تفاصيل ذلك في (الكامل) لابن الأثير: ١١ / ١٩٤ - ١٩٥) . (٣) قد أسر فيها صاحب الرملة وصاحب طبرية، وتعرف هذه الوقعة بمرج العيون. (٤) راجع (معجم البلدان) لياقوت و (مراصد الاطلاع) عن هذه الامكنة وغيرها مما يرد ذكره، وهي معروفة فيها.

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