Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

with the judgeship of Harran, Sinjar, and the territory of Diyār Rabīʿah. Leading scholars studied jurisprudence under him. He then returned to Damascus in 570 AH, and in 573 AH he was appointed its chief judge. During this period he authored numerous works, taught the Qur’anic readings and fiqh, and his renown spread and his standing grew.

He composed Ṣafwat al-Madhhab fī Nihāyat al-Maṭlab (1) in seven volumes; al-Intiṣār in four volumes; al-Murshid in two volumes; al-Dharīʿah fī Maʿrifat al-Sharīʿah; al-Taysīr fī al-Khilāf in four parts; Maʾākhidh al-Naẓar (2); al-Farāʾiḍ; and al-Irshād fī Nuṣrat al-Madhhab, which he did not complete (3).

Nūr al-Dīn built schools for him in Aleppo, Hama, Homs, and Baalbek. He himself founded a madrasa in Aleppo and another in Damascus, where he is buried.

Among his other writings are: al-Tanbīh fī Maʿrifat al-Aḥkām; Fawāʾid al-Muhadhdhab in two volumes; and a separate treatise—written after he became blind—on the validity of judgments issued by a blind judge. Although this view departs from the Shafiʿi school’s standard position, it rests on a strong legal argument.

When he took up the judgeship of Damascus, he appointed as his deputies Judge Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn al-Zakī and Awḥad al-Dīn Dāwūd, and Sultan Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn issued each of them an official warrant confirming their deputation. After Ibn Abī ʿAṣrūn lost his sight, the Sultan invested his son, Muḥyī al-Dīn, with the judgeship without formally dismissing the father. The son served independently until 587 AH, when he was removed and the office passed to Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn al-Zakī.

(1) In Tabaqat al-Subki al-kubra the wording is ‘ala’, whereas in his Tabaqat al-wusta it reads ‘min’. (2) Tabaqat al-Subki gives the variant ‘makhadh’ (ground/objection). (3) Taj al-Din al-Subki remarks: “He departed with what had been allotted to him in Aleppo” (Tabaqat, 7/134). (4) That is, the Shafi‘i school of law.
قَضَاء حرَّان وَسِنْجَار وَديَار رَبِيْعَة، وَتَفَقَّهَ عَلَيْهِ أَئِمَّة، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى دِمَشْقَ سَنَة سَبْعِيْنَ، ثُمَّ وَلِي قَضَاءهَا سَنَةَ ثَلاَثٍ وَسَبْعِيْنَ، وَصَنَّفَ التَّصَانِيْفَ، وَأَقرَأَ القِرَاءات وَالفِقْه، وَاشْتُهِرَ ذِكْرُهُ، وَعظم قدره. أَلّف كِتَاب (صفوَة المَذْهَب فِي (١) نِهَايَة الْمطلب) وَهُوَ سَبْع مُجَلَّدَاتٍ، وَكِتَاب (الانْتِصَار) فِي أَرْبَع مُجَلَّدَاتٍ، وَكِتَاب (الْمُرشد) فِي مُجَلَّدين، وَكِتَاب (الذّرِيعَة، فِي مَعْرِفَةِ الشّرِيعَة) ، وَكِتَاب (التَّيْسِيْر فِي الخلاَف) أَرْبَعَة أَجزَاء، وَكِتَاب (مَآخِذ (٢) النَّظَر) ، وَكِتَاب (الفَرَائِض) ، وَكِتَاب (الإِرشَاد) فِي نُصْرَة المَذْهَب، وَمَا كَمُلَ (٣) . وَبَنَى لَهُ نُوْر الدِّيْنِ مدَارس بِحَلَبَ وَحَمَاة وَحِمْص وَبَعْلَبَكَّ، وَبَنَى لِنَفْسِهِ مَدْرَسَة بِحَلَبَ، وَمَدْرَسَة بِدِمَشْقَ، وَقَبْره بِهَا. مِنْ تآلِيفه: كِتَاب (التَّنْبِيه فِي مَعْرِفَةِ الأَحكَام) ، وَكِتَاب (فَوَائِد المُهَذَّب) مُجَلَّدَان، وَصَنَّفَ جُزْءاً فِي صِحَّة قَضَاء الأَعْمَى لَمَّا أَضر، وَهُوَ خِلاَف المَذْهَب (٤) ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ وَجه قوِيّ. وَلَمَّا وَلِيَ قَضَاءَ دِمَشْق، نَاب عَنْهُ: القَاضِي مُحْيِي الدِّيْنِ مُحَمَّد ابْنُ الزَّكِيِّ، وَأَوْحَد الدِّيْنِ دَاوُد، وَكُتِبَ لَهُمَا تَقليد مِنَ السُّلْطَان صَلاَح الدِّيْنِ بِالنِيَابَة، وَلَمَّا فَقَد بَصَره، قلّد السُّلْطَان القَضَاء وَلده مُحْيِي الدِّيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَعزل الوَالِد، وَاسْتقلَّ مُحْيِي الدِّيْنِ ابْنُه إِلَى سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَثَمَانِيْنَ، ثُمَّ صُرف بِمُحْيِي الدِّيْنِ ابْن الزَّكِيّ.
(١) في (طبقات السبكي الكبرى) : (على) ، وفي (طبقاته الوسطى) : (من) . (٢) في (طبقات السبكي) : مأخذ. (٣) قال التاج السبكي: (وذهب فيما نهب له بحلب) (الطبقات: ٧ / ١٣٤) . (٤) يعني: المذهب الشافعي.

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