of the shaykh of speculative theology (kalam) and philosophy, a prolific author.
He excelled in jurisprudence under Imam Ahmad al-Khawafi (1), the Shafi‘i, and studied the principles (usul) with Abu Nasr ibn al-Qushayri and Abu al-Qasim al-Ansari.
He wrote the book Nihayat al-Iqdam and the book al-Milal wa’l-Nihal (2).
He had an enormous store of memorized material, a powerful understanding, and was an engaging preacher.
In Nishapur he heard hadith from Abu al-Hasan ibn al-Akhram.
Al-Sam‘ani said: “I wrote from him in Marw, and he told me that he was born in the year 467 AH and died in Sha‘ban of 548 AH.”
He then added: “Yet he was suspected of leaning toward the People of the Fortresses and of calling others to them, and of supporting their outrageous enormities (3).”
= vol. 3, p. 377; Ibn al-Salah, Tabaqat, fol. 17; Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-ayan 4:273-275; al-Mukhtasar 3:27; al-Ibar 4:132; Duwal al-Islam 2:64; Tadhkirat al-huffaz 4:1313; Tammat al-Mukhtasar 2:85-86; al-Wafi bi-l-wafayat 3:278-279; Mirat al-jinan 3:289-290; al-Subki, Tabaqat 6:128-130; al-Isnawi, Tabaqat 2:106-107; al-Asjad al-masbuk, fol. 68/1; Lisan al-mizan 5:263-264; al-Nujum al-zahirah 5:305; Miftah al-saadah 1:323-324; Kashf al-zunun, pp. 57, 291; Shadharāt al-dhahab 4:149; Rawdat al-janat, pp. 186-188; Hadiyyat al-arifin 2:91.
Al-Shahrastani: the nisba derives from Shahrastan—called by al-Samani “Shahrastanah”—a small town in Khurasan near Nasa on the road to Khwarazm.
Ibn Khallikan explains that the name is compound: shahr means “city” and estan (istan) means “district,” so the sense is “the city of the district.”
(1) The adjective Khawafi refers to Khawaf, a district of Nishapur. In Lisan al-mizan it has been corrupted to al-Jawani, and in Miftah al-saadah to al-Hawafi (with an h).
Ahmad al-Khawafi died in 500 AH; see al-Ansab 5:220; Tabyin kadhib al-muftari, p. 288; Wafayat al-ayan 1:96; al-Ibar 3:355; al-Wafi 8:127; al-Subki, Tabaqat 6:63; al-Bidayah wa-l-nihayah 12:168.
(2) Both of these works are printed and well known; for his remaining writings see Hadiyyat al-arifin 2:91.
(3) For al-Subki’s note on this passage, see his Tabaqat 6:130, and for Ibn Hajar’s, see Lisan al-mizan 5:264.