We know from al-Dhahabī’s biography that he kept close company with the Ḥanbalīs and was profoundly influenced by his teacher Ibn Taymiyyah, especially in matters of creed. Thus he was Shāfiʿī in subsidiary rulings yet Ḥanbalī in fundamentals. For that reason, when he engaged in criticism he made a point of presenting doctrinal issues according to the method of the people of ḥadīth, treating creed as an integral part of the discipline, as we noted a little earlier.
At the same time, the Damascene milieu contained individuals who were fiercely partisan in favor of the Ashʿarīs.
Because of these doctrinal questions, al-Dhahabī was faulted by some of his contemporaries—foremost among them his own pupil Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Subkī (d. 771 AH) (1). Al-Subkī censured him in several places of his work Ṭabaqāt al-Shāfiʿiyyah al-Kubrā (2) and again in his book Muʿīd al-Niʿam (3). In the Ṭabaqāt he writes in al-Dhahabī’s entry:
“Our shaykh— and the truth is the most fitting word to be uttered, while veracity is what the traveler on the path must prefer—inclined strongly toward Ḥanbalī opinions and was frequently disdainful of Ahl al-Sunnah, among whom Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī would be the leader of the caravan. Consequently he does not treat them fairly in his biographical notices; he will ascribe no good to them save under palpable compulsion.
“He composed the Great History; how excellent it would have been were it not for the partisanship it contains, and how perfect were it not for the shortcomings that flaw it—what shortcomings indeed!” (4)
Al-Subkī also remarks, in the biography of Aḥmad ibn Ṣāliḥ al-Miṣrī within the same Ṭabaqāt: “As for our shaykh al-Dhahabī’s History—may Allah forgive him—despite its beauty and breadth it is filled with excessive partisanship, may Allah not call him to account for it; for he frequently maligned the people of religion, meaning the fuqarāʾ (the Sufi poor) who are…"