Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

He transmitted ḥadith from his own father; from the ḥāfiẓ Abū ʿAlī al-Ghassānī; from Muḥammad ibn al-Faraj, the client of Ibn al-Tallāʿ; from Abū al-Ḥusayn Yaḥyā ibn Abī Zayd, the Qur’an reciter known as Ibn al-Bayāz; and from a number of others.

He was an unrivalled authority in jurisprudence, Qur’anic exegesis (1), and the Arabic language—widely read, exceptionally intelligent and quick-witted—one of the great repositories of knowledge.

He was born in 480 AH. His father supervised his education; he soon joined the ranks of the senior scholars and began pursuing knowledge while still in his teens, his brilliance blazing forth. He was appointed judge of Almería in 529 AH.

Among those who narrated from him were his own sons; the ḥāfiẓ Abū al-Qāsim ibn Ḥubaysh; Abū Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd Allah; Abū Jaʿfar ibn Maḍāʾ; ʿAbd al-Munʿim ibn al-Faras; Abū Jaʿfar ibn Ḥakam; and others.

He died at the fortress of Lurqa on 25 Ramadan 541 AH.

The ḥāfiẓ Khalaf ibn Bashkuwāl, however, held that his death occurred in 542 AH, and he said: “He possessed vast learning, a powerful command of literature, and mastery of the various sciences. People took knowledge from him—may Allah, Exalted is He, have mercy upon him.”

(1) Among his writings is al-Muharrar al-Wajiz fi Tafsir al-Kitab al-Aziz (The Concise, Refined Commentary on the Noble Book), a work in which he excelled and whose fame spread rapidly, owing—so it is said—to the purity of his intention. The book bears eloquent witness to its author’s mastery of Arabic and of the various Islamic sciences. Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyya states in his Fatawa, 2/194: “It is superior to al-Zamakhshari’s Tafsir, sounder in the material it transmits and in its critical discussions, and further removed from heterodox ideas—though it does contain a few—indeed it is vastly better and may well be the strongest of all these commentaries.” The Moroccan Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs has issued nine volumes of this tafsir, edited by a committee of the Fes Council of Scholars, and additional portions have been published by the Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs in Egypt.
حَدَّثَ عَنْ: أَبِيْهِ، وَعَنِ الحَافِظ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الغَسَّانِيّ، وَمُحَمَّد بن الفَرَجِ مَوْلَى ابْنِ الطَّلاَّع، وَأَبِي الحُسَيْنِ يَحْيَى بن أَبِي زَيْدٍ المُقْرِئ ابْن البيَاز، وَعِدَّة. وَكَانَ إِمَاماً فِي الفِقْه، وَفِي التَّفْسِيْر (١) ، وَفِي العَرَبِيَّة، قوِيَّ المشَاركَة، ذكيّاً فَطِناً مدركاً، مِنْ أَوعيَة العِلْم. مَوْلِدُهُ: سَنَةَ ثَمَانِيْنَ وَأَرْبَعِ مائَةٍ، اعْتَنَى بِهِ وَالِده، وَلحق بِهِ الكِبَار، وَطَلَبَ العِلْمَ وَهُوَ مُرَاهِق، وَكَانَ يَتوَقَّدُ ذكَاءً، وَلِيَ قَضَاءَ المرِيَّة فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِيْنَ وَخَمْسِ مائَةٍ. حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: أَوْلاَدُهُ؛ وَأَبُو القَاسِمِ بنُ حُبَيْش الحَافِظ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ بنُ عُبيدِ الله، وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ بنُ مَضَاء، وَعبدُ المُنْعِم بن الْفرس، وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ بن حَكم، وَآخَرُوْنَ. تُوُفِّيَ: بِحصن لُوْرقَة، فِي الخَامِسِ وَالعِشْرِيْنَ مِنْ شهرِ رَمَضَانَ، سَنَة إِحْدَى وَأَرْبَعِيْنَ وَخَمْسِ مائَةٍ. وَقَالَ الحَافِظُ خَلَف بن بَشْكُوَال: تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعِيْنَ. وَقَالَ: كَانَ وَاسِعَ المَعْرِفَة، قَوِيَّ الأَدَبِ، مُتَفَنِّناً فِي العُلُوْمِ، أَخَذَ النَّاسُ عَنْهُ - رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى -.
(١) من مؤلفاته فيه " المحرر الوجيز في تفسير الكتاب العزيز " أحسن فيه وأبدع، وطار لحسن نيته كل مطار. وهو أصدق شاهد لمؤلفه بإمامته في اللغة العربية، وغيرها من فنون العلم المختلفة، يقول فيه شيخ الإسلام في فتاويه: ٢ / ١٩٤: وهو خير من تفسير الزمخشري، وأصح نقلا وبحثا، وأبعد من البدع وإن اشتمل على بعضها، بل هو خير منه بكثير، بل لعله أرجح هذه التفاسير، وقد نشرت منه وزارة الاوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية المغربية تسعة أجزاء بتحقيق لجنة من المجلس العلمي بفاس، ونشر أجزاء منه المجلس الأعلى للشؤون الإسلامية في مصر.

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