Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

He also wrote Mahakk al-Nazar, Miʿyār al-ʿIlm, Sharḥ al-Asmāʾ al-Ḥusnā, Mishkāt al-Anwār, al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl, Ḥaqīqat al-Qawlayn, and a number of other works.

Ibn al-Najjar said: “Abu Ḥāmid is, without reservation, the imam of the jurists and—by unanimous agreement—the spiritual scholar of the ummah, the independent mujtahid of his time, the very eye of his age. He excelled in the school (madhhab), in uṣūl, in disputed questions, in dialectics, and in logic. He read ḥikma and philosophy, mastered their discourse, and undertook to refute them. His intellect was acute, his comprehension powerful, his insight penetrating, and he could dive deeply into meanings. It is reported that when he composed al-Mankhūl and Abū al-Maʿālī saw it, the latter exclaimed, ‘You have buried me alive! Could you not have waited a little? Your book has eclipsed mine.’ (1)”

Ibn al-Najjar also transmitted, with his chain of authority, that Abu Ḥāmid’s father used to spin wool and sell it in his stall in Ṭūs. As he lay dying he entrusted his two sons, Muḥammad and Aḥmad, to a righteous Sufi friend who taught them penmanship. The small sum their father left soon ran out, and they could no longer secure food. The man therefore said to them, “I think you should both go to the madrasa as though you were students of jurisprudence; perhaps you will obtain some provisions there.” They did as he advised.

Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad al-Khaṭībī said: “I was in al-Ghazālī’s study circle when he related: ‘My father died and left my brother and me only a modest amount, which was quickly exhausted so that we had nothing to eat. We therefore went to a madrasa to study jurisprudence, seeking nothing but a livelihood. Our learning was thus for that purpose, not for Allah—but He willed that it be solely for His sake.’”

Asʿad al-Mīhanī said: I heard Abu Ḥāmid say, “I journeyed to Abū Naṣr al-Ismāʿīlī in Jurjān and remained there until I had taken al-Taʿlīqa from him.” (2)

(1) Al-Muntazam, vol. 9, p. 169, records the remark: “Could you not have waited until I died?”—that is, “your book has eclipsed mine.” (2) For the anecdote behind this marginalia, see Tabaqat al-Shafiʿiyyah, vol. 6, p. 195; the account is quite amusing.
وَ (مَحكّ النَّظَر) وَ (مِعيَار العِلْم) وَ (شرح الأَسْمَاء الحُسْنَى) وَ (مشكَاة الأَنوَار) وَ (المُنْقِذ مِنَ الضَّلاَل) وَ (حقيقَة الْقَوْلَيْنِ) وَأَشيَاء. قَالَ ابْنُ النَّجَّار: أَبُو حَامِدٍ إِمَامُ الفُقَهَاءِ عَلَى الإِطلاَق، وَربَّانِيُّ الأُمَّةِ بِالاتِّفَاق، وَمُجْتَهِدُ زَمَانه، وَعينُ أَوَانه، بَرَعَ فِي المَذْهَب وَالأُصُوْل وَالخلاَف وَالجَدَلِ وَالمنطق، وَقرَأَ الحِكْمَة وَالفَلْسَفَة، وَفَهِمَ كلاَمهُم، وَتَصَدَّى لِلرَّدِّ عَلَيْهِم، وَكَانَ شَدِيدَ الذّكَاء، قوِيَّ الإِدرَاك، ذَا فِطْنَة ثَاقبَة، وَغوص عَلَى المَعَانِي، حَتَّى قِيْلَ: إِنَّهُ أَلَّف (المَنْخُوْل) ، فَرَآهُ أَبُو المَعَالِي، فَقَالَ: دفنتَنِي وَأَنَا حَيٌّ، فَهَلاَّ صَبرتَ الآنَ، كِتَابُك غطَّى عَلَى كِتَابِي (١) . ثُمَّ رَوَى ابْنُ النَّجَّار بِسنده: أَنَّ وَالِد أَبِي حَامِد كَانَ يَغْزِلُ الصُّوفَ وَيبيعُهُ فِي دُكَّانه بِطُوْسَ، فَأَوْصَى بِوَلَدَيْهِ مُحَمَّد وَأَحْمَد إِلَى صَدِيْقٍ لَهُ صُوْفِي صَالِح، فَعلمهُمَا الخطَّ، وَفَنِيَ مَا خَلَّفَ لَهُمَا أَبُوْهُمَا، وَتعذَّر عَلَيْهِمَا القُوْتُ، فَقَالَ: أَرَى لَكُمَا أَنْ تلجآ إِلَى المدرسَة كَأَنكمَا طَالبَان لِلْفقه عَسَى يَحصُل لَكُمَا قُوتٌ، فَفَعلاَ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ أَبُو العَبَّاسِ أَحْمَد الخطيبِي: كُنْت فِي حَلْقَة الغزَّالِي، فَقَالَ: مَاتَ أَبِي، وَخلَّف لِي وَلأَخِي مِقْدَاراً يَسيراً فَفَنِي بِحَيْثُ تَعذَّرَ عَلَيْنَا القُوْتُ، فَصِرنَا إِلَى مدرسَة نطلُبُ الفِقْه، لَيْسَ المُرَادُ سِوَى تحصيلِ القُوْت، فَكَانَ تَعلُّمنَا لِذَلِكَ، لاَ للهِ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَكُوْنَ إِلاَّ للهِ. قَالَ أَسْعَد المِيهنِي: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَامِد يَقُوْلُ: هَاجرتُ إِلَى أَبِي نَصْرٍ الإِسْمَاعِيْلِي بجُرْجَان، فَأَقَمْتُ إِلَى أَنْ أَخذت عَنْهُ (التَّعليقَة) (٢) .
(١) في " المنتظم ": ٩ / ١٦٩: هلا صبرت حتى أموت، وأراد أن كتابك قد غطى على كتابي. (٢) انظر خبر هذه التعليقة في " طبقات الشافعية ": ٦ / ١٩٥ فإنه طريف.

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