Ibrāhīm ibn Masʿūd, son of the great Sultan Maḥmūd ibn Subuktakīn, ruler of Ghazna and India.
He died in Shawwal of the year 508 AH. After him his son, King Arslān—nephew of the Seljuk Sultan Malikshāh ibn Alp Arslān—took the throne, consolidated his position, and imprisoned his brothers. Sultan Sanjar was outraged on their behalf and marched against him; the ruler of India was routed, then sued for a truce, which only whetted Sanjar’s appetite. They met again at the gate of Ghazna. The Ghaznavid host numbered 30,000 cavalry and 60 elephants (1), yet it was broken once more. Sanjar occupied Ghazna in 510 AH (2), but the citadel held out. Because Arslān had been a tyrant, the fortress was handed over, and Sanjar installed Bahrām in Ghazna (3). Sanjar’s troops then ran riot, plundering and abusing the populace; he crucified a number of his own men and restored order.
Ibn al-Athīr reports that Sanjar came away with five crowns, one of them worth more than two million dinars. Forty days later he withdrew. Arslān gathered fresh forces and advanced on Ghazna; a chain of events followed that is too lengthy to recount here. In the end Arslān was captured and strangled. Exceptionally handsome, he lived twenty-seven years.
191 – Ibn Marzūq, Abū al-Khayr ʿAbd Allāh ibn Marzūq al-Harawī*
The imām, hadith expert, and seasoned traveler, Abū al-Khayr ʿAbd Allāh ibn Marzūq al-Harawī, client of Shaykh al-Islām Abū Ismāʿīl al-Anṣārī.