Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Then a man from Sarandib (Ceylon) arrived who claimed to foretell the future. We asked him about our own circumstances and he brought us glad tidings that proved unerringly accurate. I bought an Indian slave-girl, and we travelled on to Aden. There I said to my vizier, “Go to Zabid, spread word that I am dead, and sound out the situation.”

I myself went up to Jibla (1) and investigated al-Mukarram’s position, after which I made for Zabid. The vizier told me pleasing news: our supporters were many. I therefore trimmed my beard, covered one eye with a strip of cloth, let my fingernails grow long, and headed for the house of the vizier Ibn al-Qum. I overheard him saying, “If I could find even a dog from the house of Najah, I would place him on the throne”—this because a feud had arisen between him and his companion Ibn Shihab.

Ibn al-Qum’s son came out and said, “Hey Indian, can you play chess?” I replied, “Yes.” We played, and I defeated him; he flew into a rage, for he was one of Zabid’s leading youths. His father said to him, “No one can beat you except Jayyash—and he is dead.” I then played the father and deliberately withheld mate; he became fond of me and treated me as an intimate, all the while repeating, “May Allah hasten your coming, O family of Najah!”

I started corresponding with the Habash (Abyssinians) until five thousand spearmen had gathered around Zabid. I ordered my vizier to retrieve the ten thousand dinars I had on deposit, and I spent them on those troops.

One day Ibn al-Qum’s son struck a slave of his, and the tip of his whip caught me. I said, “I am Abū al-Tāmī.” His father asked, “What is your name?” I answered, “Baḥr (Sea).” He said, “A fitting kunya.”

On another occasion he told his son, “If I manage to beat the Indian, I shall send you, when the year is up, to al-Mukarram.” I purposely eased my play, so he defeated me. Wild with joy, he stretched his hand toward my face, which angered me. I rose, stumbled, pulled myself together (2), and proclaimed, “I am Jayyash b. Najah.”

(1) With a short i on the letter jim and silence on the ba: a city in Yemen situated below Jabal Sabr, also called Dhat al-Nahrayn; it ranks among the most beautiful, verdant, and agreeable towns in the country. (2) That is, she claimed affiliation. The verbs ‘azza, iʿtazza, and taʿazza all mean “to trace one’s lineage to a given clan,” whether truthfully or not. In the authentic hadith recorded in the Musnad, 5/136: “Whoever boasts of the rallying-cries of the Jahiliyya, tell him to bite his father’s male organ and do not soften the wording.” In other words, the pre-Islamic Arabs would summon help by shouting “O clan of so-and-so!” and proclaim, “I am so-and-so, son of so-and-so,” flaunting the honour of their ancestry. The hadith instructs Muslims to rebuke such conduct with that harsh phrase, for making these tribal claims is blameworthy.
فَقَدِمَ إِنْسَان مِنْ سَرَنْدِيب يَتَكَلَّم عَلَى المُسْتَقْبِلاَت، فَسَأَلنَا عَنْ حَالِنَا، وَبشَّرنَا بِأُمُوْرٍ لَمْ تَخْرِم، وَاشْتَرَيتُ جَارِيَة هِنديَة، وَجِئنَا عَدَن، فَقُلْتُ لِوَزِيْرِي: امضِ إِلَى زَبِيْدٍ، فَأَشِعْ مَوْتِي، وَاكشِفِ الأُمُوْرَ، وَصعدت جِبْلَةَ (١) ، وَكشفتُ أَحْوَالَ المُكَرَّم، ثُمَّ أَتيتُ زَبِيْد، فَخبرنِي الوَزِيْرُ بِمَا يَسُرُّ عَنْ أَوليَائِنَا، وَأَنَّهُم كَثِيْرٌ، فَأَخَذتُ مِنْ لِحيَتِي، وَسَتَرتُ عَيْنِي بِخرقَة، وَطَوَّلت أَظفَارِي، وَقصدتُ دَارَ ابْن القُم الوَزِيْر فَأَسمَعُهُ يَقُوْلُ: لَوْ وَجَدْتُ كلباً مِنْ آلِ نَجَاح لَملَّكته، وَذَلِكَ لِشَرٍّ وَقَعَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ رَفِيقِهِ، فَخَرَجَ وَلدُ ابْن القُم، فَقَالَ: يَا هنديُّ، تُحْسِنُ الشطْرَنْج؟ قُلْتُ: نَعم. قَالَ: فَغَلَبتُهُ، فَثَارَ، وَكَانَ طَبَقَةَ أَهْلِ زَبِيْدٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُوْهُ: مَا لَنَا مَنْ يَغْلِبُك إِلاَّ جَيَّاشٌ، وَقَدْ مَاتَ، ثُمَّ لَعِبتُ مَعَ الأَب، فَمَنَّعْتُ الدَّسْتَ، فَأَحَبَّنِي وَخَلَطَنِي بِنَفْسِهِ، وَهُوَ يَقُوْلُ كُلَّ وَقتٍ: عجَّل الله عَلَيْنَا بكُم يَا آل نَجَاح، فَأَخَذْتُ أُكَاتِبُ الحُبُوشَ حَتَّى حصل حَوْلَ زَبيْد خَمْسَةُ آلاَف حَرْبَةً، وَأَمرتُ وَزِيْرِي، فَأَخَذَ لِي عَشْرَة آلاَف دِيْنَار مُودَعَة، فَأَنفقتُهَا فِيهِم، وَضرب وَلد ابْن القُم عَبداً لَهُ، فَنَالنِي طرفُ سَوْطه، فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا أَبُو الطَّامِي، فَقَالَ أَبُوْهُ: مَا اسْمُكَ؟ قُلْتُ: بَحرٌ. قَالَ: كُنْيَة مُنَاسبَة. وَقَالَ مرَّة لابْنِهِ: إِن غلبتُ الْهِنْدِيّ، أَوفدتُك بِارتِفَاعِ السّنَة عَلَى المُكَرَّم. قَالَ: فَترَاخيتُ لَهُ، فَغلبنِي، فَطَاش فَرحاً، وَمَدَّ يَده إِلَى وَجْهِي، فَأَحْفَظنِي، وَقُمْت، فَعثرتُ، فَاعْتَزَيْتُ (٢) ، وَقُلْتُ: أَنَا جيَاش بنُ نَجَاح،
(١) بكسر الجيم وسكون الباء: مدينة باليمن تحت جبل صبر، وتسمى ذات النهرين، وهي من أحسن مدن اليمن وأنزهها وأطيبها. (٢) أي: انتسبت، يقال: عزا فلان نفسه إلى بني فلان يعزوها عزوا، وعزا واعتزى وتعزى كله: انتسب صدقا كان أو كذبا، وانتمى إليهم، وفي الحديث الصحيح المخرج في " المسند ": ٥ / ١٣٦: " من تعزى بعزاء الجاهلية، فأعضوه بهن أبيه ولا تكنوا " أي: انتسب وانتمى، فقد كانوا في الجاهلية يقولون في الاستغاثة: يا لفلان، وينادي: أنا فلان ابن فلان ينتمي إلى أبيه وجده لشرفه وعزه ونحو ذلك، فمعنى الحديث: قبحوا عليه فعله، وقولوا: اعضض بهن أبيك، فإن من القبح مثل هذه الدعوى.

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