Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

and al-Sulayhi swooped down upon his camp at al-Mahjam, killed him, his brother, and a number of others, seized his treasures—which were immense—rounded up several members of the Sulayhi family and speared them to death, took possession of Zabid, and hung the severed head aloft. About this the poet al-ʿUthmani said:
His canopy disowned its master and would not alight
save on the most exalted king, its Saʿid;
How hideous his face looked against its cloth,
yet how comely his head upon its shaft!
Black serpents clashed with the lions of the highlands—
alas for those lions, felled by their blacks. (1)

A year later Mukarram b. al-Sulayhi (2) mustered an army and marched out of Sanaʿa; the forces met, the black troops were broken, al-Ahwal fled, and his men boarded the ships. Mukarram retook Zabid and rescued his mother, but he was then stricken with paralysis, so he delegated the reins of power to his noble wife al-Hurra Sayyida. He indulged in diversion while half-paralyzed until he died in 484, having willed the kingdom to his cousin, Sultan Sabaʾ b. Ahmad. War between him and the Najahid house swung back and forth. The caliph of Egypt wrote to al-Hurra: “I have married you to the Commander of Commanders Sabaʾ for one hundred thousand dinars.” When Sabaʾ died (3), she herself assumed the throne, while al-Mufaddal managed the affairs of state, and al-Hurra’s rule lasted fifty years.

Yes—Saʿid al-Ahwal again seized Sanaʿa, but he died in 486, after which his brother Jayyash succeeded him. Jayyash had travelled incognito with his vizier Qasim al-Mulk to India.

Jayyash relates: “We entered India in 481, stayed six months, and then returned.”

(1) Al-araqim (plural of arqam) refers to a snake whose back bears distinctive markings; “the black al-araqim” are those with dark coloration. They are counted among the most malignant, largest and most dangerous of serpents, and none is bolder. (2) This is Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad al-Sulayhi (d. 477 AH); he is also mentioned under the biography of his father, vol. 18, p. 137. (3) The year 492 AH.
فَكَبَسَ الصُّلَيحِي بِالمهْجم مُخيَّمَه، فَقَتَلَهُ، وَقَتَلَ أَخَاهُ، وَعِدَّةً، وَأَخَذَ خَزَائِنه، وَكَانَتْ عَظِيْمَة، وَجَمَعَ بَعْضَ آلِ الصُّلَيحِي، فَقَتَلَهُم رَمْياً بِالحرَاب، وَتَملَّك زَبِيْدَ، وَعلَّق الرَّأْس، فَقَالَ العُثْمَانِيُّ شَاعِر: نَكِرَتْ مِظَلَّتُهُ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ تَرُحْ ... إِلاَّ عَلَى المَلِكِ الأَجَلِّ سَعِيْدِهَا مَا كَانَ أَقْبَحَ وَجْهَهُ فِي خَالِهَا ... مَا كَانَ أَحْسَنَ رَأْسَهُ فِي عُوْدِهَا سُوْدُ الأَرَاقِمِ قَاتَلَتْ أُسْدَ الشَّرَى ... يَا رَحْمَتَا لأُسُودِهَا مِنْ سُوْدِهَا (١) ثُمَّ بَعْدَ سَنَةٍ، حشد مُكَرَّمُ بنُ الصُّليحِي (٢) ، وَأَقْبَلَ مِنْ صَنْعَاء، فَالْتَقَوْا، فَانْكَسَرَ السُّودَانُ، وَانْهَزَمَ الأَحْوَلُ، وَنَزَلُوا السُّفُنَ، وَاسْتَرَدَّ مكرَّم زَبِيْدٍ، وَخَلَّصَ أُمَّهُ، ثُمَّ فُلِجَ، فَفَوَّضَ الأُمُوْرَ إِلَى زَوجَتِهِ الحُرَّةِ سَيِّدِهِ، وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى اللَّهْوِ مَعَ فَالِجِه إِلَى أَنْ هَلَكَ سَنَة (٤٨٤) ، وَعهد بِالملك إِلَى ابْنِ عَمِّهِ السُّلْطَان سَبأِ بنِ أَحْمَدَ، وَكَانَ الحَرْب بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ آل نَجَاح سِجَالاً، وَكَتَبَ خَلِيْفَةُ مِصْر إِلَى الحُرَّة: قَدْ زوَّجْتُكِ بِأَمِيْر الأُمَرَاء سَبَأ عَلَى مائَة أَلْف دِيْنَار، ثُمَّ لَمَّا مَاتَ سَبَأ (٣) ، قَامت بِملكهَا، وَدبَّر دَوْلَتهَا المُفَضَّلُ، وَامتدت أَيَّامُ الحرّة خَمْسِيْنَ سَنَةً. نعم، ثُمَّ تَوثَّبَ سَعِيْدٌ الأَحْوَل عَلَى صَنْعَاء، ثُمَّ هَلَكَ سَنَة سِتٍّ وَثَمَانِيْنَ، وَتَملَّك بَعْدَهُ أَخُوْهُ جَيَّاش، وَقَدْ تَنكَّر وَسَارَ مَعَ وَزِيْرِهِ قَسِيمِ الْملك إِلَى الهِنْد. قَالَ جَيَّاش: دخلنَا الهِنْدَ سَنَة (٤٨١) ، فَأَقمنَا سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَرجعنَا،
(١) الاراقم: جمع أرقم: الحية التي على ظهرها رقم، أي: نقش، وسود الاراقم: الحيات التي فيها سواد، وهي من أخبث الحيات، وأعظمها وأنكاها، وليس شيء من الحيات أجرأ منه. (٢) هو أحمد بن علي بن محمد الصليحي، المتوفى سنة ٤٧٧ هـ، وله ذكر في ترجمة أبيه ١٨ / (١٣٧) . (٣) سنة ٤٩٢ هـ.

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