the rallying cry, and Muslims and unbelievers alike were thrown into panic. The guards mustered and surrounded us, whereupon I proclaimed the call to prayer. Their cavalry converged on the cordon, and we shouted to them, “I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and that ʿAbhala is an impostor!” We then hurled the severed head to them. The iqāmah was given and the prayer was established, after which the men launched a sweeping assault.
We cried out, “People of Ṣanʿāʾ! If anyone forces his way into your home, seize him!” Plunder and captives became abundant. Ṣanʿāʾ and the army were liberated, and Allah strengthened Islam.
Afterwards we began to vie for the governorship. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ consulted one another and agreed upon Muʿādh ibn Jabal, who then led us in prayer. We wrote to the Prophet ﷺ with the good news, but by the time our envoys arrived he had passed away that very morning, and it was Abū Bakr—may Allah be pleased with him—who replied to us.
Al-Wāqidī reports from his teachers that Abū Bakr sent Qays ibn Makshūḥ to Yemen; he and Fayrūz al-Daylamī killed al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī. Qays has further exploits: he later apostatized, was captured by the Muslims, pardoned by Abū Bakr, and was eventually killed fighting alongside ʿAlī at Ṣiffīn.
Usāmah ibn Zayd’s Expedition
Hishām ibn ʿUrwah relates from his father that, during his final illness, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ kept saying, “Dispatch Usāmah’s army.” Usāmah marched until he reached al-Jurf. His wife, Fāṭimah bint Qays, sent word to him: “Do not hasten, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is gravely ill.” He therefore remained until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away. After the Prophet’s death he returned to Abū Bakr and said, “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me out under different circumstances. I fear the Arabs may apostatize; if they do, they will be the first we fight, and if they do not, I shall proceed, for the nobles and the best of the people are with me.”
Abū Bakr then addressed the community and declared, “By Allah, for birds to snatch me away would be dearer to me than that I should begin anything before carrying out the command of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.” Accordingly, he dispatched Usāmah but asked him to let ʿUmar stay behind with him, instructing Usāmah to strike hard in battle, cutting off hands, feet, and midsections of the enemy. He said: