Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

He authored works and gathered material, enjoying exalted standing, perfect nobility and abundant wealth. He combined keen intellect, sound judgment and ample learning with vast divine favor.

Among those who narrated from him were: his teacher Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad al-Mustaghfiri; Abū Bakr al-Khaṭīb; the ascetic Yūsuf b. Ayyūb al-Hamadhānī; Zāhir b. Ṭāhir al-Shaḥḥāmī; Hibat Allāh b. Sahl al-Sayyidī; Abū al-Asʿad Hibat al-Raḥmān b. al-Qushayrī; Abū Ṭālib Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḥīrī; and Abū al-Fatḥ Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Adīb—though the latter only by written licence. The last of his pupils to remain alive was al-Khaṭīb Abū al-Maʿālī al-Madīnī.

Abū Saʿd al-Samʿānī said: “He was the foremost Alid of his time, possessed perfect expertise in hadith, and relied on abundant intellect and sound opinion. Together with Abū Bakr al-Khaṭīb he excelled in the study of hadith. Al-Khaṭīb quoted him—-I think in the book Al-Bukhalaʾ. He was gifted with an elegant style of composition. In the latter part of his life he settled in Samarqand, then came to Baghdad where he held dictation sessions, narrated in Isfahan, and thereafter returned to Samarqand (1).”

I heard Yūsuf b. Ayyūb the ascetic say, “I have never seen an Alid better than him.” He praised him highly. The man was numbered among the notable wealthy, yet he was extremely generous: each year he would send to a group of leading scholars one thousand dinars, five hundred, or even more to every single one, so that the total sometimes reached ten thousand dinars. He would say, “This is the zakah of my wealth, and I am a stranger. Distribute it among those whom you know to be deserving, and for everyone you give to, write a note and send it to me so that I may grant him a tenth of the revenue.”

It is said that he owned nearly forty villages that were his exclusive property in the district of Kis (2), and in every village he employed an agent more distinguished than the chief of Samarqand itself (3).

(1) See al-Dhahabi, Tadhkirat al-huffaz, vol. 4, p. 1210; al-Safadi, al-Wafi, vol. 1, p. 143. (2) Both Tadhkirat al-huffaz and Ibn al-Jawzi’s al-Muntazam give the spelling kash, with a dotted sh (sh). (3) See Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Muntazam, vol. 9, p. 41; al-Dhahabi, Tadhkirat al-huffaz, vol. 4, pp. 1210–1211; al-Safadi, al-Wafi, vol. 1, p. 143.
وَصَنَّفَ وَجَمَعَ، وَكَانَ كَبِيْرَ القَدْرِ، كَامِل السُّؤْدُدِ، كَثِيْرَ الأَمْوَال، يَرْجِع إِلَى عقلٍ وَرَأْي وَعلم وَافرٍ، وَنعمَة جسيمَة. حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: شَيْخُهُ جَعْفَرُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ المُسْتَغْفِرِي، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الخَطِيْبُ، وَيُوْسُفُ بنُ أَيُّوْبَ الهَمَذَانِيّ الزَّاهِد، وَزَاهِرُ بنُ طَاهِرٍ الشَّحَّامِيّ، وَهِبَةُ اللهِ بنُ سَهْلٍ السَّيِّديّ، وَأَبُو الأَسْعَدِ هِبَةُ الرَّحْمَن بنُ القُشَيْرِيّ، وَأَبُو طَالِبٍ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الحِيْرِيّ، وَأَبُو الفَتْحِ أَحْمَدُ بنُ الحُسَيْنِ الأَدِيْب، لَكِن هَذَا بِالإِجَازَة، وَآخر مَنْ بَقِيَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ: الخَطِيْبُ أَبُو المَعَالِي المَدِيْنِيّ. قَالَ أَبُو سَعْدٍ السَّمْعَانِيُّ: هُوَ أَفْضَلُ عَلَوِيٍّ فِي عصره، لَهُ المَعْرِفَةُ التَّامَةُ بِالحَدِيْثِ، وَكَانَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى عقلٍ وَافرٍ وَرَأْيٍ صَائِبٍ، بَرَع بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ الخَطِيْب فِي الحَدِيْثِ، نَقل عَنْهُ الخَطِيْبُ - أَظَنُّ فِي كِتَابِ (البخلاَء) - رُزق حُسْنَ التَّصنِيف، وَسَكَنَ فِي آخِرِ عُمُرِهِ سَمَرْقَنْد، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ بَغْدَاد، وَأَملَى بِهَا، وَحَدَّثَ بِأَصْبَهَانَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى سَمَرْقَنْد (١) . سَمِعْتُ يُوْسُفَ بن أَيُّوْبَ الزَّاهِد يَقُوْلُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ علويّاً أَفْضَلَ مِنْهُ. وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الأَغنِيَاء المَذْكُوْرِيْنَ، وَكَانَ كَثِيْرَ الإِيثَار، يُنَفِّذُ فِي العَامِ إِلَى جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الأَئِمَّةِ الأَلفَ دِيْنَار وَالخَمْسَ مائَةٍ وَأَكْثَرَ إِلَى كُلّ وَاحِد، فَرُبَّمَا بلغَ ذَلِكَ عَشْرَةَ آلاَف دِيْنَار، وَيَقُوْلُ: هَذِهِ زَكَاةُ مَالِي، وَأَنَا غَرِيْبٌ، فَفَرِّقُوا عَلَى مَنْ تَعرفُوْنَ اسْتحقَاقه، وَكُلّ مَنْ أَعْطيتُمُوْهُ؛ فَاكتُبُوا لَهُ خَطّاً، وَأَرْسَلُوْهُ حَتَّى أُعْطِيْه مِنْ عُشر الغَلَّة. قَالَ: وَكَانَ يَملك قَرِيْباً مِنْ أَرْبَعِيْنَ قَرْيَة خَالصَةً لَهُ بنوَاحِي كِس (٢) ، وَلَهُ فِي كُلِّ قَرْيَة وَكيلٌ أَمْيَزُ مِنْ رَئِيْسٍ بِسَمَرْقَنْدَ (٣) .
(١) انظر " تذكرة الحفاظ " ٤ / ١٢١٠ و" الوافي " ١ / ١٤٣. (٢) في " التذكرة " و" المنتظم ": كش بالمعجمة. (٣) انظر " المنتظم " ٩ / ٤١، و" تذكرة الحفاظ " ٤ / ١٢١٠ - ١٢١١، و" الوافي " ١ / ١٤٣.

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