I add: The report in fact pivots on al-Ḥārith ibn ʿAmr—an obscure narrator—who transmits from a number of men of Ḥimṣ, from Muʿādh. Its chain is merely fair (1).
Al-Māzarī, in his commentary on al-Burhān, remarked with regard to the phrase, “Allah knows universals but not particulars”: “I would like to erase that statement with my very blood.”
Others maintain that he never stated this doctrine outright; it was imputed to him only because he upheld the question of an endless succession in the delights enjoyed by the people of Paradise. Allah knows best (2).
I say: This was a Muʿtazilite slip, and Abū al-Maʿālī was boycotted for it; Abū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī swore never to speak to him, and he was exiled on that account. He thereupon settled near the Sacred Precinct, devoted himself to worship, and—praise be to Allah—repented of it. Later, too, he endorsed the way of the early generations concerning the divine attributes and affirmed it (3).
(1) Among those who regard the report as authentic are Abu Bakr al-Razi al-Jassas, Abu Bakr Ibn al-Arabi, al-Khatib al-Baghdadi and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. They argue that al-Harith ibn Amr is not “unknown in person” (majhul al-ayn), for Shu‘bah ibn al-Hajjaj identifies him as the nephew of al-Mughira ibn Shu‘ba; nor is he “unknown in status” (majhul al-wasf), since he belongs to the senior generation of the tabi‘in, on the same level as the teachers of Abu ‘Awn al-Thaqafi (d. 116 AH). No specialist has transmitted any detailed, substantive censure (jarh mufassar) of him. To judge a report from a leading tabi‘i sound, it is unnecessary to find an explicit statement of reliability from his contemporaries; it suffices that no effective criticism has been established, given the exhaustive scrutiny applied to the narrators of that generation. Anyone from that class against whom no adverse judgement is recorded is accepted as a transmitter. Moreover, the shaykhs from whom he narrates were companions of Mu‘adh, and none of Mu‘adh’s companions is unknown. Even if some names are omitted in the isnad, the report does not thereby fall into the category of “unknown narrators”; that applies only when the chain contains a single unnamed individual, introduced with formulas such as “a man told me”. The companions of Mu‘adh are universally renowned for knowledge, piety, merit and truthfulness. Imam al-Bukhari, whose compilation is conditioned on strict authenticity, included the hadith of ‘Urwa al-Barqi introduced with the phrase: “I heard the people relate from ‘Urwa,” and that narration is not counted among the reports of the unknowns. Likewise, Malik, when discussing qasama, said: “A man from the leading men of his people informed me.” In the Sahih we also find al-Zuhri reporting: “Men narrated to me from Abu Hurayra: ‘Whoever prays over a funeral receives one qirat.’ ”
Consult al-Faqih wa-l-mutafaqqih, 1/188, 190; I‘lam al-muwaqqi‘in, 1/202.
(2) See al-Muntazam, 9/19–20; Tabaqat al-Subki, 5/588. The latter devotes an entire subsection to the question of al-istirsal under the heading “An explanation of the case of al-istirsal that occurred in the Kitab al-Burhan,” pp. 192–207.
(3) The author will shortly quote, from the Risala al-Nizamiyya, the passage in which Imam al-Juwayni declares his return to the way of the salaf concerning the divine attributes.