Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Al-Anmaṭī said: Abū Isḥāq would perform wudu on the riverbank, yet he would remain doubtful about having washed his face, so he would wash it repeatedly. A man asked him, “Shaykh, what is this?” He replied, “Had I been certain that the three obligatory washings were valid, I would not have exceeded them.” (1)

Al-Samʿānī relates: One day Abū Isḥāq entered a mosque to eat lunch. He left a dinar behind, then remembered, returned, and found it. He reflected and said, “Perhaps it belonged to someone else,” and so he left it there. (2)

It is said that Ẓāhir al-Naysābūrī compiled a fascicle for Abū Isḥāq. In it he once said, “Abū ʿAlī ibn Shādhān narrated to us,” at another time, “al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad al-Bazzāz narrated to us,” and at yet another, “al-Ḥasan ibn Abī Bakr al-Fārisī narrated to us.” Abū Isḥāq asked, “Who is that?” He was told, “He is Ibn Shādhān.” Abū Isḥāq responded, “I have no desire for this fascicle; tadlīs (concealing one’s source) is the brother of lying.”

Judge Abū Bakr al-Anṣārī said: I once met Abū Isḥāq on the road with a legal question. He picked up a baker’s pen, wrote the answer, and then wiped the pen on his own garment. (3)

Al-Samʿānī said: I heard several people say that when Abū Isḥāq arrived in Naysabūr as an emissary, the townspeople came out to receive him. Imām al-Ḥaramayn carried his saddle-cloth, walked in front of him, and declared, “I take pride in this.” (4)

Most of the lecturers in Iraq and the Jibāl region were his students and followers—and that, for them, was distinction enough.

(1) For the full narrative, see Subki, Tabaqat, 4/228. Although the shaykh was noted for his piety, devotion, and learning, his persistent waswasa (obsessive scrupulosity) led him into a practice at odds with the Sharia, and he tried to justify it with an inadmissible excuse. The Prophet performed wudu three times and then said: “This is the ablution; whoever adds to it has acted badly and unjustly.” The hadith is graded hasan and is reported by Abu Dawud (135), al-Nasa’i 1/88, and Ibn Majah (422); Ibn Khuzayma authenticated it (174). See also Ibn Qudama’s treatise Dhamm al-Waswasa wa-l-Muwaswasin, an invaluable work on the condemnation of such misgivings. (2) The report is cited in Tadhhib al-Asma wal-Lughat 2/173; al-Majmu 1/25–26; Subki, Tabaqat 4/217; and al-Wafi 6/65. (3) The report appears in Tadhhib al-Asma wal-Lughat 2/173; al-Majmu 1/26; and Subki, Tabaqat 4/219. (4) See al-Muntazam 9/8 and Subki, Tabaqat 4/222.
الأَنْمَاطِيّ يَقُوْلُ: كَانَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ يَتوضَّأُ فِي الشطّ، وَيَشُكُّ فِي غَسْلِ وَجهه، حَتَّى يُغَسِّله مَرَّات، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُل: يَا شَيْخ! مَا هَذَا؟ قَالَ: لَوْ صَحَّتْ لِيَ الثَّلاَثُ مَا زِدْت عَلَيْهَا (١) . قَالَ السَّمْعَانِيّ: دَخَلَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ يَوْماً مَسْجِداً ليتغدَّى، فَنَسِيَ دِيْنَاراً، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ، فَرَجَعَ، فَوَجَده، فَفَكَّر، وَقَالَ: لَعَلَّهُ وَقَعَ مِنْ غَيْرِي، فَتركه (٢) . قِيْلَ: إِنَّ ظَاهِراً النَّيْسَابُوْرِيّ خَرَّجَ لأَبِي إِسْحَاقَ جُزْءاً، فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ بنُ شَاذَانَ. وَمرَّة: أَخْبَرَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ أَحْمَدَ البَزَّاز. وَمرَّة: أَخْبَرَنَا الحَسَنُ ابْن أَبِي بَكْرٍ الفَارِسِيّ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ ذَا؟ قَالَ: هُوَ ابْنُ شَاذَانَ. فَقَالَ: مَا أُرِيْدُ هَذَا الْجُزْء، التَّدْليسُ أَخُو الْكَذِب. قَالَ القَاضِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ الأَنْصَارِيّ: أَتيت أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ بفُتْيَا فِي الطَّرِيْق، فَأَخَذَ قلم خَبَّازٍ، وَكَتَبَ، ثُمَّ مسحَ الْقَلَم فِي ثَوْبه (٣) . قَالَ السَّمْعَانِيّ: سَمِعْتُ جَمَاعَة يَقُوْلُوْنَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ نَيْسَابُوْر رَسُوْلاً تَلَقَّوْهُ، وَحَمَلَ إِمَام الحَرَمَيْنِ غَاشِيَتَه، وَمَشَى بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَقَالَ: أَفتخِرُ بِهَذَا (٤) . وَكَانَ عَامَّة المدرّسين بِالعِرَاقِ وَالجِبَال تَلاَمِذته وَأَتْبَاعه - وَكفَاهم بِذَلِكَ
(١) انظر الخبر مطولا في " طبقات " السبكي ٤ / ٢٢٨، والشيخ ﵀ على صلاحه وتقواه وعلمه أوقعته الوسوسة التي استحكمت فيه في المخالفة الشرعية، وحاول أن يتفصى عنها بعذر لا مسوغ له، فإن النبي ﷺ توضأ ثلاثا، ثم قال: " هكذا الوضوء، فمن زاد على هذا، فقد أساء وظلم " وهو حديث حسن أخرجه أبو داود (١٣٥) والنسائي ١ / ٨٨، وابن ماجة (٤٢٢) وصححه ابن خزيمة (١٧٤) ولابن قدامة رسالة في ذم الوسوسة والموسوسين، فلتراجع فإنها نفيسة. (٢) الخبر في " تهذيب الأسماء واللغات " ٢ / ١٧٣، و" المجموع " ١ / ٢٥ - ٢٦، و" طبقات " السبكي ٤ / ٢١٧، و" الوافي " ٦ / ٦٥. (٣) الخبر في " تهذيب الأسماء واللغات " ٢ / ١٧٣، و" المجموع " ١ / ٢٦، و" طبقات " السبكي ٤ / ٢١٩. (٤) انظر " المنتظم " ٩ / ٨، و" طبقات " السبكي ٤ / ٢٢٢.

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