the appropriate expression that conveys what he wishes with precision and fidelity, and he describes the subject of the biography with wording that gives him his due, whether in discredit or commendation. His method, above all, is scholarly.
It is evident to anyone of insight that biographical subjects cannot be portrayed accurately when one adopts an affected rhetorical style that gives priority to ornamented form at the expense of precise meanings and the true signification of words.
From al-Dhahabi’s life and scholarly stature we know that he had secured a sound share of Arabic—its grammar, morphology, and literature. Early in life he devoted great care to the Qur’anic readings, which rest upon thorough mastery of the language. He also tried his hand at poetry, composing a small number of lines, and he cited a large body of other people’s verse in this and in his other works.
For all these reasons his language became exceedingly robust; it is hard to find in his book a single grammatical slip, linguistic error, or colloquial usage. Should a rare instance occur, it is merely a slip of the pen, a momentary lapse of attention, or one of those mistakes that even specialists occasionally make—matters of no real consequence.
His study of a vast corpus of historical, literary, and hadith works, together with his celebrated prodigious memory, exposed him to the styles of a great many writers across long centuries in which writing conventions varied. All of that endowed him with formidable literary experience and an excellent command of expression.
A firm grasp of Arabic and the possession of an elevated style are among the crucial factors that yield a beneficial biographical entry. To claim that the scholar of tarājim (biographical studies) has no need of such knowledge is a faulty assertion. Al-Dhahabi’s own teacher and companion, the hadith master Abu al-Hajjaj al-Mizzi, underscored this necessity at the close of the preface to his monumental Tahdhīb al-Kamāl, saying: “It behooves the reader of this book to have acquired a sound share….”