Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ - Shams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi - (18/309)

Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

Turkmen. Jalal al-Dawla died in 435 AH, a little past fifty; despite his sins he revered the pious, and he left children behind.

Abu Kalijar (1) entered Baghdad and made much of himself, refusing to be satisfied unless the drum was beaten for him at all five prayer times, whereas their grandfather ‘Adud al-Dawla (2)—for all his eminence—had allowed the drum to be struck only three times.

Abu Kalijar died in 440 AH, whereupon rule passed to his son al-Malik al-Rahim Abu Nasr (3) son of Sultan Abu Kalijar ibn Sultan al-Dawla ibn Bahaʾ al-Dawla ibn ‘Adud al-Dawla.

In that same year Yanal (4) the Seljuq, brother of Tughril Beg, campaigned with his forces, pushed deep into Byzantine lands, and carried off booty beyond description; it was a celebrated raid and a manifest victory.

Thus this was the first occasion on which the Seljuq family—soon to become the kings of Rum—seized territory from the Byzantines. Around this time the governor of Qayrawan, al-Muʿizz (5) ibn Badis, had the Friday sermon delivered in the name of al-Qaʾim bi-Amr Allah and discontinued the Fatimid mention. The Fatimids dispatched forces against him, and the affair passed through many prolonged stages.

In 441 AH mourning assemblies for ʿAshuraʾ were held in Baghdad, and a fitnah erupted between Sunnis and Shiʿites, the killings and injuries defying description. Abu Muhammad ibn al-Nasawi was nominated to be the shihna of Baghdad; the entire populace rose up, yet the Sunnis and the Shiʿites made peace, showed mutual affection, and shouted: “If Ibn al-Nasawi is appointed, we will burn the markets and depart!”

The people of Karkh invoked mercy upon the Companions—something never before witnessed (6).

Prosperity in Baghdad had reached such a level that it was sold

(1) The sovereign Abu Kalijar Marzuban ibn Sultan al-Dawla ibn Baha al-Dawla al-Daylami; his biography appears in vol. 17, no. 425. (2) The ruler Fannakhusraw ibn Rukn al-Dawla Hasan ibn Buwayh al-Daylami; his biography is given in vol. 16, no. 175. (3) See the earlier biography, no. 59. (4) His life is noted above under no. 53. (5) His life is noted above under no. 75. (6) Cf. al-Muntazam 8:140, 145; al-Kamil 9:561; al-Mukhtasar 2:170.

تُركمَان -. وَمَاتَ جَلاَلُ الدَّوْلَة سَنَة (٤٣٥) وَلَهُ نَيِّفٌ وَخَمْسُوْنَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَ عَلَى ذُنُوبه يُعتقد فِي الصُّلَحَاء، وَخَلَّف أَوْلاَداً. وَدَخَلَ أَبُو كَالَيْجَار (١) بَغْدَاد، وَتعَاظم، وَلَمْ يَرْضَ إِلاَّ بِضَرْب الطّبلِ لَهُ فِي أَوقَات الصَّلَوَات الخَمْس، وَكَانَ جَدُّهم عَضُد الدَّوْلَة (٢) - مَعَ علو شَأْنه - لَمْ تُضرب لَهُ إِلاَّ ثَلاَثَة أَوقَات. وَمَاتَ أَبُو كَالَيْجَار سَنَة أَرْبَعِيْنَ، فَولِي المُلكَ بَعْدَهُ وَلَدُه الْملك الرَّحِيْم أَبُو نَصْرٍ (٣) ابْن السُّلْطَانِ أَبِي كَالَيْجَار بن سُلْطَان الدَّوْلَة بن بَهَاء الدَّوْلَة بن عَضُدِ الدَّوْلَةِ. وَفِيْهَا غَزَا يَنَال (٤) السَّلْجُوْقِي أَخُو طُغْرُلْبَك بِجُيُوشِهِ، وَوَغل فِي بلاَد الرُّوْم، وَغنم مَا لاَ يُعبَّر عَنْهُ، وَكَانَتْ غَزْوَةً مَشْهُوْدَةً وَفتحاً مبيناً. فَهَذَا هُوَ أَوّلُ اسْتيلاَء آل سَلْجُوْق مُلُوْكِ الرُّوْم عَلَى الرُّوْم، وَفِي هَذَا الْحِين خَطَبَ مُتَوَلِّي القَيْرَوَان المُعز (٥) بنُ بَادِيس لِلقَائِم بِأَمْرِ اللهِ، وَقَطَع خُطبَة العُبَيْدِيَّة، فَبعثَوا مَنْ حَارَبّه، فَتمت فَصولٌ طَوِيْلَة. وَفِي سَنَةِ (٤٤١) عُملت بِبَغْدَادَ مآتمُ عَاشُورَاء، فَجرت فِتْنَةٌ بَيْنَ السّنَة وَالشِّيْعَة تَفوتُ الوَصْفَ مِنَ الْقَتْل وَالجرَاح، وَنُدب أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ بنُ النَّسوِي لِشحنكية بَغْدَاد، فَثَارت العَامَّةُ كلهُم، وَاصطلح السّنَةُ وَالشِّيْعَةُ، وَتوَادُّوا وَصَاحُوا: مَتَى وَلِي ابْنُ النَّسَوِي أَحرقنَا الأَسواقَ، وَنزحنَا. وَترحَّم أَهْلُ الْكَرْخِ عَلَى الصَّحَابَة، وَهَذَا شَيْءٌ لَمْ يُعهد (٦) . وَكَانَ الرّخَاءُ بِبَغْدَادَ بِحَيْثُ إِنَّهُ أُبيع

(١) هو الملك أبو كاليجار مرزبان بن سلطان الدولة بن بهاء الدولة الديلمي، مرت ترجمته في الجزء السابع عشر برقم (٤٢٥) . (٢) هو الملك فناخسرو بن ركن الدولة حسن بن بويه الديلمي، مرت ترجمته في الجزء السادس عشر برقم (١٧٥) . (٣) انظر ترجمته المتقدمة رقم (٥٩) . (٤) تقدمت ترجمته برقم (٥٣) . (٥) تقدمت ترجمته برقم (٧٥) . (٦) انظر " المنتظم " ٨ / ١٤٠ و١٤٥، و" الكامل " ٩ / ٥٦١، و" المختصر " ٢ / ١٧٠.