Siyar Aʿlām al-NubalāʾShams al‑Din al‑Dhahabi

al-Raḥīm, ʿAbd al-Munʿim, Zāhir al-Shahhāmī, his brother Wajīh, Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl al-Farāwī, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Shāh, ʿAbd al-Jabbār ibn Muḥammad al-Khawārī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Baḥīrī, his grandson Abū al-Asʿad Hibat al-Raḥmān, and others.

His father died while he was still a child, so he was placed under the tutelage of the man of letters Abū al-Qāsim al-Yamanī (1), with whom he studied adab. Qushayrī owned a small estate in Ustuwā (2) that was heavily burdened with land-tax; he therefore learnt a measure of arithmetic and did a little clerical work. Later he left his village for Nishapur, and by chance attended the gathering of Abū ʿAlī al-Daqqāq. There he was caught in his net: his worldly aspirations shrank, for he had gone out in search of a sumptuous qaba but found instead the coarse ʿabā. Abū ʿAlī showed him favour and advised him to seek knowledge. He therefore joined the study-circle of al-Ṭūsī, composed his Taʿliqa, and excelled. He then moved to Ibn Fūrak, advanced in kalām, kept close company with Abū Isḥāq as well, and studied the works of Ibn al-Bāqillānī. When his father-in-law Abū ʿAlī passed away, he began to frequent al-Sulamī, associated with him, copied al-Mansūb, and became the spiritual master of Khurasan in the Sufi path. He remained devoted to spiritual exertions, and disciples were trained at his hands (3).

In conduct and exhortation he was without equal; his expression was delicate, his character gracious, and he dived deep for meanings. He authored Towards the Hearts, The Subtleties of the Allusions (4), The Jewels, The Legal Rulings on Audition, The Springs of Answers on Various Questions, The Book of Intimate Supplication, and other works.

(1) This is how it appears in the base manuscript. In Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari, al-Subki’s and al-Isnawi’s Ṭabaqat, and al-Dawudi’s Ṭabaqat the nisba is given as “al-Alaymani,” yet no biographical entry for this form could be located. (2) Yaqut explains that Ustuwaʾa (with ḍamma on the first letter, then a quiescent consonant, followed by a ta with ḍamma, waw and alif) is a district of Nishapur comprising numerous villages. (3) See: Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-Ayan 3/206; Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari, pp. 273-274; al-Subki, Ṭabaqat 5/155-156; al-Isnawi, Ṭabaqat 2/314. (4) Dr. Ibrahim Basyuni has published the first three sections of this work.
الرَّحِيْم، وَعبدُ الْمُنعم، وَزَاهِر الشَّحَّامِيّ، وَأَخُوْهُ وَجيه، وَمُحَمَّد بن الفَضْلِ الفَرَاوِي، وَعَبْدُ الوَهَّابِ بن شَاه، وَعبدُ الجَبَّار بن مُحَمَّدٍ الخُوَارِي، وَعبدُ الرَّحْمَن بن عَبْدِ اللهِ البَحيرِيّ، وَحَفِيْدُه أَبُو الأَسْعَد هِبَة الرَّحْمَن، وَآخَرُوْنَ. وَمَاتَ أَبُوْهُ وَهُوَ طِفْل، فَدُفِعَ إِلَى الأَدِيْب أَبِي القَاسِمِ اليَمنِي (١) ، فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ الآدَاب، وَكَانَتْ لِلقُشيرِي ضَيْعَة مُثْقَلَة بِالخَرَاج بِأُسْتُوا (٢) ، فَتعلَّم طَرَفاً مِنَ الحسَاب، وَعَمِلَ قَلِيْلاً ديوَاناً، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ نَيْسَابُوْر مِنْ قرِيته، فَاتَّفَقَ حُضُوْره مَجْلِسَ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الدَّقَّاق، فَوَقَعَ فِي شَبكَته، وَقَصُرَ أَملُه، وَطَلَبَ القَبا، فَوَجَد العَبَا، فَأَقْبَل عَلَيْهِ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، وَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ بِطَلَب العِلْم، فَمَضَى إِلَى حَلْقَة الطُّوْسِيّ، وَعَلَّق (التَّعليقَة) وَبَرَعَ، وَانْتَقَلَ إِلَى ابْنِ فُوْرَك، فَتَقَدَّم فِي الكَلاَم، وَلاَزَمَ أَيْضاً أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ، وَنظر فِي تَصَانِيْف ابْن البَلاَقِلاَّنِيّ، وَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ حَمُوْهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ تردَّد إِلَى السُّلَمِيّ، وَعَاشره، وَكَتَبَ المَنْسُوْب، وَصَارَ شَيْخ خُرَاسَان فِي التَّصُوْف، وَلَزِمَ المُجَاهِدَات، وَتَخَرَّج بِهِ المرِيْدُوْنَ (٣) . وَكَانَ عَديم النّظير فِي السّلوك وَالتَّذكير، لطيفَ العبَارَة، طَيِّبَ الأَخلاَقِ، غوَّاصاً عَلَى المَعَانِي، صَنَّف كِتَاب (نَحْو القُلُوْب) ، وَكِتَاب (لطَائِف الإِشَارَات (٤)) ، وَكِتَاب (الجَوَاهِر) ، وَكِتَاب (أَحكَام السَّمَاع) ، وَكِتَاب (عُيُون الأَجوبَة فِي فُنُوْن الأَسولَة) ، وَكِتَاب (المنَاجَاة) ، وَكِتَاب
(١) كذا في الأصل، وفي " تبيين كذب المفتري "، و" طبقات " السبكي والاسنوي، و" طبقات " الداوودي: " الاليماني " ولم نجد ترجمة هذه النسبة. (٢) قال ياقوت: بالضم ثم السكون وضم التاء المثناة وواو وألف: ناحية من نيسابور كثيرة القرى. (٣) انظر " وفيات الأعيان " ٣ / ٢٠٦، و" تبين كذب المفتري " ٢٧٣ - ٢٧٤، و" طبقات " السبكي ٥ / ١٥٥ - ١٥٦، و" طبقات " الاسنوي ٢ / ٣١٤. (٤) وقد طبع الدكتور إبراهيم بسيوني الاقسام الثلاثة الأولى منه.

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