of the caliphs, kings, princes, and other office-holders in their respective biographies, concentrating on the extent to which they established justice, propagated tyranny, or shed blood.
He is equally keen to include samples of the poets’ verse, selections from the prose of literary masters, and the pronouncements of philosophers and sectarians—whenever such passages disclose the soundness or corruption of their beliefs, and the like.
Al-Dhahabi developed a style all his own in composing these entries. The manner in which he presents them varies with the sources he is quoting, and this often impelled him to recast the historical material taken from earlier works into his own idiom. He considered this unobjectionable so long as he maintained precision and fidelity in conveying the intended meanings, especially in matters whose value is unaffected by paraphrase—such as the date of a birth or death, the performance of a particular act, or the shortening of a shaykh’s name. He went so far, in many instances where he relied on a single source, as to restructure the entire entry.
At the same time, he obliged himself to transmit texts verbatim whenever the situation warranted it—most notably the scholars’ verdicts in al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl (narrator critique and endorsement), quotations from books and official rescripts that he reproduces in the Siyar, prose passages, poetic qasidas, scholarly debates, fully-sourced reports, and the very words of the noble Prophetic hadiths.
Should he excerpt or abridge a passage, he openly indicates this—both as a matter of scholarly honesty and to preclude any charge of textual manipulation.
His literary style in presenting the biographies is characterized by freshness and tight construction. He did not concern himself with ornate rhetoric or embellished diction as did some of his contemporaries and pupils, such as Ibn Sayyid al-Nas al-Yaʿmuri, Taj al-Din al-Subki, Salah al-Din al-Safadi, and others.
This, in our estimation, is only natural, for the word occupies its rightful station with al-Dhahabi, the critic who chooses