by Muslims in both East and West, over and above the legal rulings that may be drawn from it.
This same consideration led him to devote an entire volume to the lives of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs—Abu Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, and ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with them—for their biographies offer Muslims exemplary models to emulate, impart lessons for every sphere of political, social, economic, and intellectual life, and hold a pivotal place in shaping the Muslim character.
Sixth: The formulation of the Siyar entries and their elements
The amount of material contained in one of the Siyar’s biographies differs from that of another according to the nature of the subject and his scholarly or literary merit, or his political standing, while at the same time all entries share common foundational components.
There is no contradiction in this. In most biographies al-Dhahabī is careful to record the subject’s name and lineage; his laqab (honorific title), kunya (teknonym), and nisbah (attributive epithet); then his birth, or whatever indicates his age (1); his upbringing and studies; the shaykhs he met, narrated from, and benefited by; next his pupils, who learned from him, profited from his knowledge, and graduated under his tutelage; the scholarly, literary, or social works he left behind; and thereafter his scholarly standing and creed, presented through the commendations or criticisms of trustworthy scholars who knew him well. He usually ends the entry by specifying the date of death with remarkable precision.
At the same time, the author records in each biography various details peculiar to it; for instance, he takes care to cite the deeds