Muḥammad al-Bukhārī, the Ḥanafī.
Leadership among the ahl al-raʾy finally rested with him. He journeyed to Baghdad, mastered jurisprudence, engaged in debate, and heard ḥadith from Abū al-Faḍl al-Zuhri; while in Bukhara he received transmissions from Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṣābir.
A large circle of students disseminated his teaching, and the last person to narrate from him was his grandson, ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Bukhārī.
It is reported that the Shiʿi scholar al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā debated him about the statement, ‘Whatever we leave behind is charity’ (1). He replied to al-Murtaḍā, ‘If you take mā as a particle of negation, the ḥadith becomes meaningless; everyone already knows that when a person dies his nearest relatives inherit him and that his estate is not automatically deemed charity. Rather, because the Chosen One—the Prophet—differs from the rest of the community, he clarified the point and said: “Whatever we leave behind is charity” (2).’
…fa, followed by a sh with a kasra, a silent ya, and a dal also with a kasra—this is how it appears in the base manuscript. Al-Samani and al-Safadi record it with a fatha on the sh and a silent ya; al-Safadi even substitutes the ya with a nun, opens the za, and adds a jim after it. The nisba refers to Fashidizah. Al-Samani gives no further detail, while Yaqut notes that Fashidhbazah—with a dotted dha—is a village in the Bukhara region.
(1) This report is narrated from several Companions by: al-Bukhari 3093–3094 (Book of Khums); 4034, 4036 (Maghazi); 3712 (Virtues of the Companions); 6726, 6727, 6730 (Inheritance); 5358 (Maintenance); 7305 (Hold fast to the Sunnah). Muslim 1757 (49), 1759 (52), 1761 (Jihad and Siyar: chapters on fayʾ and on the saying, “We, the Prophets, do not leave an estate; what we leave is charity”). Abu Dawud 2963, 2968, 2969, 2976, 2977; al-Tirmidhi 1610; al-Nasaʾi 7/132; Malik 2/993; Ahmad 1/4, 6, 9, 10, 25, 47–49, 60, 162, 164, 179, 191, 208; 6/145, 262.
(2) See al-Samani, al-Ansab 9/310; al-Safadi, al-Wafi bi-l-wafayat 12/361; al-Kattani, al-Fawaʾid al-bahiyya, p. 66.