Muḥammad Abū Jaʿfar al-Musnadi related to us, saying: “Ḥaramī ibn ʿUmārah narrated to us; Shuʿbah narrated to us from Wāqid ibn Muḥammad, who said, ‘I heard my father narrate from Ibn ʿUmar that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
“I have been commanded to fight people until they bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish the prayer, and pay the alms. When they do so, their blood and their property are protected from me—except by the rightful claims of Islam—and their reckoning is with Allah.”’ (1)
185 – Ibn al-Saqqā ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Isfarāyīnī*
He was the Imām, ḥāfiẓ, critic, and judge: Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḥusayn ibn Shādhān ibn al-Saqqā al-Isfarāyīnī, a descendant of eminent hadith scholars.
He studied the great collections, held public dictation sessions, and authored works of his own.
He transmitted hadith from Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Aṣamm, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb ibn al-Akhzam, ʿAlī ibn Ḥamshādh, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ṣaffār, Abū al-Ṭayyib Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Shaʿīrī, Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ṭarāʾifī, and Abū Manṣūr Muḥammad
(1) The chain of transmission is sound. Al-Bukhari also recorded it (no. 25) in the Book of Faith, chapter “fa-in tabu wa aqamu as-salat wa atu az-zakat fa-khallu sabilahum” (“If they repent, perform the prayer and give the zakat, then leave them alone”) through the route of Abd Allah b. Muhammad al-Masnadi with this same isnad. Muslim likewise transmitted it (no. 22) in the Book of Faith, chapter “The call to the two testimonies and the ordinances of Islam,” through Abu Ghassan Malik b. Abd al-Wahid, from Abd al-Malik b. al-Sabah, from Shuʿbah.
Additional reports on the subject are found: from Abu Hurayrah in al-Bukhari 3/211, 12/244; Muslim (no. 21); Abu Dawud (2645); al-Tirmidhi (2606); and al-Nasa’i 5/14. From Anas: al-Bukhari 1/417; Abu Dawud (2641); al-Nasa’i 7/75, 7/76, 8/109; al-Tirmidhi (2608). From Jabir: Muslim (21)(35); al-Tirmidhi (3341). From al-Nuʿman b. Bashir and Aws b. Hudhayfah: al-Nasa’i 7/79–81. From Tariq al-Ashjaʿi: Muslim (23).
The phrase illa bi-haqq al-islam (except with a right sanctioned by Islam) means that life and property are inviolable unless a legitimate ground exists, such as retaliation (qisas), apostasy, or another prescribed hadd penalty, as in the hadith of Ibn Masʿud in the two Sahihs: “The blood of a Muslim who testifies that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah is lawful only in three cases: the married adulterer, a life for a life, and the one who abandons his religion and separates from the community.” The words wa hisabuhum ʿala Allah (and their reckoning is with Allah) concern what they conceal and keep hidden.
(*) We have found no biographical notice for him in the sources presently available to us.