and Friendship (1), a single volume; the book al-Muqābasāt (2); another entitled Mathālib al-Wazīrayn (3)—that is, the vices of Ibn al-ʿAmīd and Ibn ʿAbbād—and other works besides (4).
He is the very man who attached the epithet “al-Tawḥīdī” (the monotheist) to himself, just as Ibn Tūmurt called his followers “al-Muwaḥḥidūn,” and as the philosopher-Sufis style themselves “the People of Oneness” or “the Unionists.”
Ahmad ibn Abī al-Khayr related to me, from Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Ṭarsūsī, from Ibn Ṭāhir—who said: I heard Abū al-Fath ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Shīrāzī in Rayy say:
“I heard Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī declare: ‘Some people passed through life under the sway of illusion, imagining the truth to be with them, when in fact the truth was behind them.’”
(1) The work has been printed several times; the most recent edition appeared in Damascus in 1964, edited by Dr. Ibrahim al-Kilani.
(2) It consists of 103 mukabasat (dialogue sessions) covering various branches of learning. The author records some of his debates with the scholars of his day in Baghdad, who used to gather in the house of Abu Sulayman al-Mantiqi to discuss philosophy and literature. The book has been published in India and elsewhere; the latest edition was issued in Baghdad in 1970, edited by Dr. Muhammad Tawfiq Husayn.
(3) Ibn Khallikan comments that the author filled this book with the defects of Abu al-Fadl Ibn al-Amid and al-Sahib Ibn Abbad, attacking them vehemently, listing their shortcomings, and stripping them of their famed virtues—an approach he deems unjust and excessively biased. The book is reputed to be ill-omened: whoever owns a copy, it is said, sees his affairs go awry—an observation Ibn Khallikan himself claims to have verified, as have others he trusts (Wafayat al-Ayan 5:112–113). The text was published by the Academy of the Arabic Language, Damascus, 1965, edited by Muhammad b. Tawit al-Tanji. Also printed among al-Tawhidi’s works is al-Imta wa-l-Mu’anasa, a collection of some forty evening conversations delivered to the vizier Abu Abd Allah al-‘Arid, edited by Ahmad Amin and Ahmad al-Zayn.
(4) For his other writings, see Yaqut, Mu‘jam al-udaba, vol. 15, pp. 7–8; Ismail Pasha al-Baghdadi, Hadiyyat al-‘arifin, vol. 1, pp. 684–685; and the manuscript listings in Carl Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur, Suppl. 4, pp. 336–338.