Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

His statement: “with a reading outside Uthman’s codex.” Uthman’s codex was the one upon which he united the people during his caliphate. This was because, when the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, died, the Quran had not been compiled into a single codex; rather, it was preserved in the hearts of men, on palm stalks, on thin white stones, and the like. It was then compiled during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, when the killing of Quran reciters at al-Yamamah became severe (1), and it was compiled again during the time of Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him (2).

The reason for its compilation was that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Indeed, the Quran was revealed in seven modes” (3). The people would recite according to these modes, and their dialects differed. Consequently, disagreement arose among the military contingents fighting on the frontiers of the Islamic realm. Some commanders feared that this would lead to tribulation, so they wrote to Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, concerning the matter. He consulted the Companions about unifying the recitations upon a single mode—that is, one dialect: the dialect of Quraysh (4). He chose it because it was the noblest of dialects, being the dialect of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and also the most firmly rooted in Arabic. Thus, he unified all the codices upon one codex and burned all others. The Muslim community then united upon this codex, and it has been transmitted to us by transmission

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari, The Book of the Virtues of the Quran, chapter: The Compilation of the Quran, no. 4986. (2) Its source has been cited above, p. 79. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari, The Book of the Virtues of the Quran, chapter: The Quran Was Revealed in Seven Ahruf (Modes), no. 4991; and Muslim, The Book of the Prayer of Travelers, chapter: Clarifying That the Quran Was Revealed in Seven Ahruf (Modes), no. 818 (270). (4) Its source has been cited above, p. 79.
وقوله: «بقراءة خارجة عن مصحف عثمان». مصحف عثمان ﵁ هو الذي جَمَعَ الناسَ عليه في خلافته، وذلك أن النبيَّ ﷺ تُوفِّيَ والقرآن لم يُجمعْ، بل كان في صُدورِ الرِّجال، وفي عُسُبِ النَّخْل، وفي اللِّخَافِ «الحجارة البيضاء الرهيفة» وما أشبه ذلك، ثم جُمِعَ في خلافة أبي بكر ﵁ حين استحرَّ القتلُ بالقُرَّاء في اليَمامةِ (١)، ثم جُمِعَ في عهدِ عُثمان ﵁ (٢). وسبب جمعه: أن النبيَّ ﷺ قال: «إنَّ القرآنَ أُنزِلَ على سبعةِ أحرفٍ» (٣) فكان النَّاس يقرأون بهذه الأحرف، وقد اختلفت لهجاتُ النَّاسِ؛ فصار فيه خلافٌ في الأجناد؛ الذين يقاتلون في أطراف المملكة الإِسلامية، فخشيَ بعضُ القُوَّادِ من الفتنة، فكتبوا إلى عثمان ﵁ في ذلك؛ فاستشار الصحابةَ بجَمْعِ القراءات، على حرفٍ واحد، يعني على لغة واحدة وهي لغة قريش (٤)، واختارها؛ لأنها أشرف اللغات، حيث إنَّها لغةُ النبيِّ ﷺ، وهي أعربُ اللُّغاتِ أيضاً، يعني: أنها أرسخها في العربية، فَجَمَعَ المصاحفَ كلَّها على مصحفٍ واحدٍ وأحرقَ ما سواها، فاجتمعت الأمةُ على هذا المصحف، ونُقِلَ إلينا نقلاً
(١) أخرجه البخاري، كتاب فضائل القرآن، باب جمع القرآن (٤٩٨٦). (٢) تقدم تخريجه ص (٧٩). (٣) أخرجه البخاري، كتاب فضائل القرآن، باب أنزل القرآن على سبعة أحرف (٤٩٩١)؛ ومسلم، كتاب صلاة المسافرين، باب بيان أن القرآن أنزل على سبعة أحرف (٨١٨) (٢٧٠). (٤) تقدم تخريجه ص (٧٩).

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