Second: the intention by which acts of worship are distinguished from other acts, and by which acts of worship are distinguished from one another.
Know that the place of intention is the heart. For this reason, the Messenger ﷺ said: “Actions are judged only by intentions, and every person shall have only what he intended.” It is not an act of the limbs. Therefore, we say that verbalizing it is an innovation. When a person wishes to perform an act of worship, it is not prescribed for him to say, “O Allah, I intend such-and-such,” or, “I intend to do such-and-such,” whether aloud or silently. This has not been narrated from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and Allah Most High knows what is in the hearts; so there is no need for you to utter with your tongue what is in your heart so that it may be known. This is not a remembrance that must be spoken aloud; rather, it is an intention whose place is the heart.
There is no difference in this regard between Hajj and other acts of worship. Even in Hajj, it is not prescribed for a person to say, “O Allah, I intend to perform ‘umrah,” or, “I intend to perform Hajj,” because this has not been narrated from the Prophet ﷺ. Rather, he recites the talbiyah in accordance with what he has intended. The talbiyah is not the same as declaring one’s intention, for it entails responding to Allah’s call and is, in itself, a remembrance; it is not an announcement of what is in the heart. Thus, one says: “At Your service for ‘umrah,” or, “At Your service for Hajj.”
Yes, if he needs to stipulate a condition, he may verbalize it—in fact, he must verbalize it—saying, for example: “At Your service, O Allah, for ‘umrah; and if something prevents me, then the place where I leave the state of consecration is wherever You prevent me.”
One must intend the specific prayer being performed …
His statement, “One must intend the specific prayer being performed,” means that whoever wishes to pray must intend that particular prayer if it is one that is specified. For example, if he wishes to perform the noon prayer, he must intend the noon prayer; if he wishes to perform the dawn prayer, he must intend the dawn prayer; or if he wishes to perform the witr prayer, he must intend the witr prayer.