For this reason, everything prohibited by the Lawgiver is unlawful in both small and large amounts, for the Prophet ﷺ said: “Whatever I have forbidden you, then avoid it.” (1)

Here we have three cases: possessing them, using them, and eating and drinking from them.

As for eating and drinking from them, this is unlawful by explicit text, and some scholars have related a consensus on this point. (2)

As for possessing them, the relied-upon position in the school is that it is unlawful. There is another view within the school, (3) also reported from al-Shafi‘i, may Allah have mercy on him, that it is not unlawful. (4)

As for using them, it is unlawful according to the school without any differing view.

The correct view is that possessing and using them for purposes other than eating and drinking is not unlawful, because the Prophet ﷺ prohibited a particular matter—eating and drinking. Had anything besides these two been prohibited, the Prophet ﷺ, who was the most eloquent and clearest of people in speech, would not have singled out one matter to the exclusion of another. Rather, his specifying eating and drinking is evidence that what lies beyond them is permissible, since people derive other benefits from them.

Had they been unlawful without qualification, the Prophet ﷺ would have ordered them to be broken, as he would