customary and familiar, unlike something that is neither customary nor familiar.
His statement, “and covering his face,” means that it is disliked for a person to cover his face while praying, because this may lead to discomfort, and because when he prostrates, he will place a barrier between himself and the place of his prostration. For this reason, this act is disliked. However, if he needs to do so for some reason—such as sneezing, for it is preferable to cover one’s face when sneezing—then a need makes what is disliked permissible.
An exception is made for a woman who is surrounded by men who are not her mahrams: in that case, covering her face is obligatory, and it is not permissible for her to uncover it.
“And covering his mouth and nose with a cloth, …”
His statement, “and covering his mouth and nose with a cloth,” means that it is disliked to cover one’s mouth and nose with a ghutra (headcloth), a turban, or a shemagh (headscarf), because the Prophet ﷺ forbade a man from covering his mouth during prayer (1), and because this may cause discomfort and prevent the clear articulation of letters during recitation and remembrance. An exception is made if he yawns and covers his mouth in order to suppress