Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

in meaning, because what is meant is not that I am stating that Allah has sent blessings; rather, I am supplicating Allah, glorified and exalted is He, to send blessings. Thus, it has the meaning of supplication, and supplication is performative.

His statement, “and grant peace”: this too is grammatically a declarative sentence but performative in meaning; that is, I supplicate Allah, most high, to grant peace to Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him.

Peace means freedom from deficiencies and harms. When peace is joined with blessings, what is sought is attained and what is feared is removed: through peace, what is feared is removed and deficiencies are negated; through blessings, what is sought is attained and perfections are affirmed.

Upon the best of the chosen ones …

His statement, “the chosen ones”: with the mīm vowelled with ḍammah and the fāʾ vowelled with fatḥah. Its original form is al-muṣtafayīn, with a tāʾ, derived from al-ṣafwah, meaning the choicest part of a thing. The chosen ones among the Messengers are the Messengers of firm resolve. They are mentioned in two places in the Noble Quran: in Surat al-Ahzab:

“And [remember] when We took from the prophets their covenant, and from you, and from Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus son of Mary.” [Verse 7]

And in Surat al-Shura:

“He has ordained for you of the religion what He enjoined upon Noah, and what We have revealed to you, and what We enjoined upon Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.” [al-Shura, verse 13]

These five are the Messengers of firm resolve, and Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is the best of them. Evidence for this is that he is the last of them (1), their leader on the Night Journey and Ascension (2)—for only the best is placed foremost—and the bearer of the greatest intercession (3). There are also other indications

(1) Also narrated by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Manaqib, chapter: “The Seal of the Prophets,” no. 3535; and Muslim, Kitab al-Fada'il, chapter: “Mention of His Being the Seal of the Prophets,” no. 2286, with the wording: “I am the Seal of the Prophets.” (2) Narrated by Ahmad (1:257) on the authority of Ibn Abbas. Ibn Kathir said: “Its chain of transmission is sound, but they did not record it.” Tafsir (5:26), on al-Isra, verse 1. It is corroborated by a narration from Anas ibn Malik, reported by al-Nasa'i, Kitab al-Salah, chapter: “The Obligation of Prayer,” 1:221, no. 449. (3) The hadith of the Greatest Intercession was narrated by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Riqaq, chapter: “Description of Paradise and Hell,” no. 6565; and in Kitab al-Tafsir, chapter: “The descendants of those We carried with Noah,” no. 4712; and by Muslim, Kitab al-Iman, chapter: “The Lowest-Ranking People of Paradise,” nos. 193-194.
معنى؛ لأنه ليس المراد أنِّي أُخبرُ بأن الله صلَّى؛ ولكنَّني أدعو الله ﷿ أن يُصلِّيَ، فهي بمعنى الدُّعاء، والدُّعاءُ إِنشاءٌ. وقوله: «وسلَّم»، وهذه أيضاً جملةٌ خبريةٌ لفظاً، إِنشائيَّةٌ معنى، أي: أدعو الله تعالى بأن يُسَلِّمَ على محمَّدٍ ﷺ. والسَّلامُ: هو السَّلامةُ من النقائص والآفات. فإِذا ضُمَّ السَّلامُ إلى الصَّلاةِ حَصَلَ به المطلوبُ، وزال به المرهوبُ، فَبالسَّلامِ يزولُ المرهوبُ وتنتفي النقائصُ، وبالصَّلاة يحصُلُ المطلوبُ وتَثْبُتُ الكمالاتُ. على أفضلِ المُصْطَفَيْنَ ................ قوله: «المُصْطَفَيْن»، بضمِّ الميم وفتح الفاء، أصله «المصتفين» بالتَّاء من الصفوة؛ وهي خُلاصة الشَّيء. والمصطفَوْنَ من الرُّسل: أولو العزم من الرُّسل. وهم مَذْكُورون في القرآن الكريم في موضعين: في سورة الأحزاب: ﴿وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِيثَاقَهُمْ وَمِنْكَ وَمِنْ نُوحٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ﴾ [الآية: ٧]، وفي الشُّورى: ﴿شَرَعَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ مَا وَصَّى بِهِ نُوحًا وَالَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى وَعِيسَى﴾ [الشورى الآية: ١٣]. فهؤلاء الخمسة هم أولو العزم، ومحمَّدٌ ﷺ أفضلهم. ويدلُّ على ذلك أنَّه خاتمهم (١)، وإمامُهم ليلة المعراج (٢)؛ ولا يُقَدَّم إلا الأفضل، وصاحبُ الشَّفاعةِ العُظمى (٣)، وهناك أشياء
(١) وروى البخاري، كتاب المناقب: باب خاتم النبيين، رقم (٣٥٣٥)، ومسلم، كتاب الفضائل: باب ذكر كونه خاتم النبيين، رقم (٢٢٨٦) بلفظ: «وأنا خاتم النبيين». (٢) رواه أحمد (١/ ٢٥٧) من حديث ابن عباس. قال ابن كثير: «إِسناده صحيح ولم يخرِّجوه». التفسير (٥/ ٢٦) (الإِسراء: ١). وله شاهد من حديث أنس بن مالك رواه النسائي، كتاب الصلاة: باب فرض الصلاة، (١/ ٢٢١) رقم (٤٤٩). (٣) حديث الشفاعة العُظمى رواه البخاري، كتاب الرقاق: باب صفة الجنة والنار، رقم (٦٥٦٥)، وفي كتاب التفسير: باب ﴿ذُرِّيَّةَ مَنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ﴾، رقم (٤٧١٢)، ومسلم كتاب الإِيمان: باب أدنى أهل الجنة منزلة رقم (١٩٣، ١٩٤).

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