Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

2 - He prayed in an impure garment, unaware of the impurity or unaware that he was required to remove it, and did not learn of it until after the prayer had ended. He must repeat the prayer, because he has failed to fulfill one of its conditions, and failure to fulfill a condition cannot be excused. The Messenger said to the man who did not pray with composure: “You have not prayed.” (1) And he said: “Allah does not accept a prayer without purification.” (2)

3 - He prayed in an impure garment while remembering the impurity; he must repeat the prayer.

4 - He prayed in an impure garment, having forgotten that it was impure or having forgotten to wash it; he must repeat the prayer.

5 - He prayed in an impure garment when he had nothing with which to wash it and no garment other than this one; he must repeat the prayer, even though he is required to pray in it.

6 - He prayed in an impure garment while having a pure garment available, but did not pray in it; he must repeat the prayer.

Some scholars have said that if he was unaware, forgetful, or unable to remove the impurity, he does not have to repeat the prayer. (3) They cited the saying of Allah, Most High:

“Our Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or make a mistake.” [al-Baqarah 2:286]

Allah, Most High, then said: “I have done so.” The verse is general in meaning and is regarded as one of the greatest and most fundamental principles of Islam, for it was Allah who taught us this supplication, and He made it binding upon Himself to grant it. Thus, He said: “I have done so,” as authentically established in the hadith reported by

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of the Adhan, chapter: The obligation of recitation for the imam and the follower, no. 757; and Muslim, Book of Prayer, chapter: The obligation of recitation in every rakah, no. 397, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him. (2) Narrated by Muslim; its authentication has previously been cited (1:324). (3) See: al-Furu', 1:333; al-Insaf, 3:233, 227.
٢ - صَلَّى في ثوب نجسٍ جاهلاً النَّجاسة، أو جاهلاً بوجوب تطهيره، ولم يعلم إلا بعد انتهاء الصَّلاة، فيعيد لأنه أخلَّ بشرط في الصَّلاة، والإخلال بالشَّرط لا يُغتفر، قال الرسول ﵊ للرَّجل الذي لا يطمئن: «إنك لم تُصَلِّ» (١)، وقال: «لا يقبلُ اللَّهُ صلاةً بغير طُهور» (٢). ٣ - صَلَّى في ثوب نجس وهو يذكر النَّجاسة؛ فيعيدُ. ٤ - صَلَّى في ثوب نجس، فنسيَ أنه نجس، أو نسي أن يغسلها؛ فيعيد. ٥ - صَلَّى في ثوب نجس، وليس عنده ما يغسلها به، وليس عنده غير هذا الثَّوب؛ فيعيد مع أنه يجب عليه أن يُصلِّي به. ٦ - صَلَّى في ثوبٍ نجسٍ وعنده ثوبٌ طاهر ولم يصلِّ به؛ فيعيد. وقال بعضُ أهل العلم: إنه إذا كان جاهلاً، أو ناسياً، أو عادماً، فلا إعادة عليه (٣)، واستدلُّوا بقوله تعالى: ﴿رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِيْنَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٦]، فقال الله تعالى: «قد فعلتُ» والآية عامَّة، وتُعتبر من أكبر وأعظم قواعد الإسلام، لأن الذي علَّمنا هذا الدُّعاء هو الله ﷿، وأوجب على نفسه ﷿ أن يفعل، فقال: «قد فعلت» كما صحَّ في الحديث الذي رواه
(١) رواه البخاري، كتاب الأذان: باب وجوب القراءة للإمام والمأموم، رقم (٧٥٧)، ومسلم كتاب الصلاة: باب وجوب القراءة في كل ركعة، رقم (٣٩٧) عن أبي هريرة ﵁. (٢) رواه مسلم، وقد تقدم تخريجه (١/ ٣٢٤). (٣) انظر: «الفروع» (١/ ٣٣٣)، «الإنصاف» (٣/ ٢٣٣، ٢٢٧).

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