The view that the required sequence is waived when one fears missing the congregational prayer is based on the view that it is not valid to pray behind someone who is performing a different prayer. (1) But according to the view that this is permissible (280), we say: Pray with them in congregation, intending thereby the missed prayer that you owe.
For example, if you owe the Zuhr prayer and arrive while they are praying Asr, then according to the preponderant view we say to you: Join them with the intention of praying Zuhr. A difference in intention does not affect the validity of the prayer. However, according to the view that a difference in intention does affect it, they say that the required sequence is not waived by fear of missing the congregational prayer, as is the position of the madhhab.
Thus, there are five factors that waive the required sequence:
- Forgetfulness.
- Fear that the time for the current prayer will expire.
- Fear of missing the Friday prayer.
- Fear of missing the congregational prayer.
- Ignorance.
The madhhab excuses the first three: forgetfulness, fear of the prayer time expiring, and fear of missing the Friday prayer. As for the fourth and fifth, it does not excuse them. The correct view is that one is excused in both cases.....
Among them is covering the awrah.............
His statement, “Among them is covering the awrah,” means that among the conditions of prayer is covering the awrah; covering means concealing.